nation of the peace debates, he declared that the
Government of the Soviets could not sign such a peace. It was then
decided to demobilize the Russian army and withdraw from the war.

[Illustration: Map]
GENERAL MAP OF THE BALTIC SEA
With the collapse of Russia German forces advanced from Riga, along
the Gulf of Finland occupying Reval and threatening Petrograd.

Final sessions of the peace congress were resumed at Brest-Litovsk
January 29th; a peace treaty was made between the Central Powers and the
Ukraine, and the Bolsheviki yielded to the German demands without
signing a treaty. Meanwhile the Russian Constituent Assembly which met
at Petrograd on January 19th, was dissolved on January 20th, by the
Bolsheviki Council.

Disorders continued throughout all Russia and counter-revolutionary
movements were started at many places. On February 18th, the day when
the armistice agreement between Russia and the Central Powers expired,
German forces began a new invasion of Russia. The next day the
Bolshevist Government issued a statement, announcing that Russia would
be compelled to sign a peace. The German advance went on rapidly, and
many important Russian cities were occupied. On February 24th, the
Bolshevist Government announced that peace terms had been accepted, and
a treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk on March 3d.

On March 14th the All-Russia Council of Soviets voted to ratify the
treaty, after an all-night sitting. Lenine pronounced himself in favor
of accepting the German terms; Trotzky stood for war, but did not attend
the meetings of the Council. Lenine defended the step by pointing out
that the country was completely unable to offer resistance, and that
peace was indispensable for the completion of the social war in Russia.

The new treaty dispossessed Russia of territories amounting to nearly
one-quarter of the area of European Russia, and inhabited by one-third
of Russia's total population. Trotzky resigned on account of his
opposition to the treaty and was succeeded by M. Tchitcherin. He became
Chairman of the Petrograd Labor Commune. The treaty between Russia and
the Central Powers was formally denounced by the Premiers and Foreign
Ministers of Great Britain, France, and Italy, and was not recognized by
the Allied nations.

A final revocation of its provisions by both sides did not put an end to
the military operations of the Central Powers in Russia, nor did the
Russians cease to make feeble and