with
_Handbuch_ thereto, edited by E. Hennecke (Tubingen, 1904). The
fullest discussion in English of the teaching of Barnabas, Clement,
Ignatius and Polycarp is by J. Donaldson, _The Apostolical Fathers_
(1874), which, however, suffers from the imperfect state of the texts
when he wrote. The most useful edition for ready reference, containing
critical texts (up to date) and good translations, is Lightfoot's
one-volume edition, _The Apostolic Fathers_ (London, 1891).
(J. V. B.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Cotelier included the Acts of Martyrdom of Clement, Ignatius and
Polycarp; and those of Ignatius and Polycarp are still often printed
by editors.

[2] See G.A. Deissmann, _Bible Studies_, pp. 1-60, for this
distinction between the genuine "letter" and the literary "epistle,"
as applied to the New Testament in particular.

[3] One result is their inability to form a true theory of Judaism
and of the Old Testament in relation to the Gospel, a matter of great
moment for them and for their successors.

APOSTOLICI, APOSTOLIC BRETHREN, or APOSTLES, the names given to various
Christian heretics, whose common doctrinal feature was an ascetic
rigidity of morals, which made them reject property and marriage. The
earliest Apostolici appeared in Phrygia, Cilicia, Pisidia and Pamphylia
towards the end of the 2nd century or the beginning of the 3rd.
According to the information given by Epiphanius (_Haer._ 61) about the
doctrines of these heretics, it is evident that they were connected with
the Encratites and the Tatianians. They condemned individual property,
hence the name sometimes given to them of _Apotactites_ or
_Renuntiatores_. They preserved an absolute chastity and abstained from
wine and meat. They refused to admit into their sect those Christians
whom the fear of martyrdom had once restored to paganism. As late as the
4th century St Basil (_Can_. i and 47) knew some Apostolici. After that
period they disappeared, either becoming completely extinct, or being
confounded with other sects (see St Augustine, _Haer._ 40; John of
Damascus, _Haer._ 61).

Failing a more exact designation, the name of Apostolici has been given
to certain groups of Latin heretics of the 12th century. It is the
second of the two sects of Cologne (the first being composed very
probably of Cathari) that is referred to in the letter addressed in 1146
by Everwin, provost of Steinfeld, to St Bernard