ientists during this year--Sir Humphry Davy and Thomas Young. Davy was
born in 1778 and died in Geneva. Besides inventing the miner's safety lamp,
with which his name will be forever associated, he made valuable
experiments in photography; discovered that the causes of chemical and
electrical attraction are identical; produced potassium and sodium by the
electric current; proved the transformation of energy into heat; formulated
a theory of the properties of particles of matter (or atoms); and made
remarkable experiments which led to the theory of the binary composition of
chemical compounds. Young was born in 1773. At Cambridge they called him
"Phenomenon Young," because he was said to know everything. In truth, Young
developed into the most profound English scientist of the century. When
only twenty he was asked to read papers before the Royal Society. In 1801
he delivered the Bakerian lecture, his subject being "The Theory of Light
and Colors." That lecture marks an epoch in physical science; for it
brought forward for the first time convincing proof of the correctness of
the undulatory theory of light. The intangible substance which pulsates
and undulates to produce light, Young christened the "luminiferous ether."
And the term is still to be found in our scientific vocabulary.

[Illustration: AMERICAN INVENTORS
Painted by C. Schussele

1 Dr Morton, Etherization
2 Bogardus, Iron Architecture
3 Colt, Revolvers
4 McCormick, Reapers
5 Saxton, Coast Survey Machinery
6 Goodyear, Vulcanizing Gum Elastic
7 Cooper, Gelatine
8 Prof Henry, Electricity as a Motor
9 Mott, Works in Iron
10 Dr Nott, Management of Heat
11 Ericsson, Caloric Engine Monitors, etc.
12 Sickles, Steam Cut off, etc.
13 Morse, Telegraph
14 Burden, Horseshoe Machine
15 Hoe, Rotary Press
16 Bigelow, Carpet Loom
17 Jennings, Friction Matches
18 Blanchard, Eccentric Lathe
19 Howe, Sewing Machine]

[Sidenote: War in the Balkans]

[Sidenote: Battle of Kulevtcha]

[Sidenote: Fall of Adrianople]

[Sidenote: Powers save Turkey]

[Sidenote: Russia's hold on Turkey]

In the Balkans Russia's war with Turkey was waged with vigor. The winter
months had been spent in bringing up reserves. The Czar withdrew from
interference at headquarters, and Wittgenstein was superseded by General
Diebitsch, a trained Prussian soldier. This general made preparations to
cross the Balkans as soon as Silistria should