[Footnote 77: _Proceedings of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist._, vol. xiv.
1871.]

[Footnote 78: _Nature_, 1870, p. 376.]

[Footnote 79: _A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago_, p.
63.]

[Footnote 80: A beautiful drawing of this rare insect, Hymenopus
bicornis (in the nymph or active pupa state), was kindly sent me by Mr.
Wood-Mason, Curator of the Indian Museum at Calcutta. A species, very
similar to it, inhabits Java, where it is said to resemble a pink
orchid. Other Mantidae, of the genus Gongylus, have the anterior part of
the thorax dilated and coloured either white, pink, or purple; and they
so closely resemble flowers that, according to Mr. Wood-Mason, one of
them, having a bright violet-blue prothoracic shield, was found in Pegu
by a botanist, and was for a moment mistaken by him for a flower. See
_Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond._, 1878, p. liii.]

[Footnote 81: C. Dixon, in Seebohm's _History of British Birds_, vol.
ii. Introduction, p. xxvi. Many of the other examples here cited are
taken from the same valuable work.]

[Footnote 82: See A.H.S. Lucas, in _Proceedings of Royal Society of
Victoria_, 1887, p. 56.]

[Footnote 83: Professor Wm.H. Brewer of Yale College has shown that the
white marks or the spots of domesticated animals are rarely symmetrical,
but have a tendency to appear more frequently on the left side. This is
the case with horses, cattle, dogs, and swine. Among wild animals the
skunk varies considerably in the amount of white on the body, and this
too was found to be usually greatest on the left side. A close
examination of numerous striped or spotted species, as tigers, leopards,
jaguars, zebras, etc., showed that the bilateral symmetry was not exact,
although the general effect of the two sides was the same. This is
precisely what we should expect if the symmetry is not the result of a
general law of the organisation, but has been, in part at least,
produced and preserved for the useful purpose of recognition by the
animal's fellows of the same species, and especially by the sexes and
the young. See _Proc. of the Am. Ass. for Advancement of Science_, vol.
xxx. p. 246.]

[Footnote 84: _Descent of Man_, p. 542.]

[Footnote 85: It may be thought that such extremely conspicuous markings
as those of the zebra would be a great danger in a country abounding
with lions, leopards, and other beasts of prey; but it is not so. Zebras
usually go in bands, and are so swift and wary that they