unde_, xviii. xix. (1858-1859); D.G. Hogarth and J.A.R. Munro,
_Mod. and Anc. Roads in E. Asia Minor_ (R.G.S. Supp. Papers, iii.
1893); G. Perrot, _Souvenirs d'un voyage dans l'A. Mineure_ (1864);
H.J. v. Lennep, _Travels in Asia Minor_ (1870); E. Chantre, _Mission
en Cappadocie_ (1898); H.F. Tozer, _Turkish Armenia_ (1881); H.C.
Barkley, _Ride Through A.M. and Armenia_ (1891); Lord Warkworth,
_Notes of a Diary in As. Turkey_ (1898); M. Sykes, _Dar ul-Islam_
(1904). (E. H. B.; D. G. H.)

CAPPEL, a French family which produced some distinguished jurists and
theologians in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1491, Guillaume Cappel,
as rector of the university of Paris, protested against a tithe which
Innocent VIII. claimed from that body. His nephew, Jacques Cappel (d.
1541), the real founder of the family, was himself advocate-general at
the parlement of Paris, and in a celebrated address delivered before the
court in 1537, against the emperor Charles V., claimed for Francis I.
the counties of Artois, Flanders and Charolais. He left nine children,
of whom three became Protestants. The eldest, Jacques (1529-1586), sieur
du Tilloy, wrote several treatises on jurisprudence. Louis (1534-1586),
sieur de Moriambert, the fifth son, was a most ardent Protestant. In
1570 he presented a confession of faith to Charles IX. in the name of
his co-religionists. He disputed at Sedan before the duc de Bouillon
with the Jesuit, Jean Maldouat (1534-1583), and wrote in defence of
Protestantism. The seventh son, Ange (1537-1623), seigneur du Luat, was
secretary to Henry IV., and enjoyed the esteem of Sully. Among those who
remained Catholic should be mentioned Guillaume, the translator of
Machiavelli. The eldest son Jacques also left two sons, famous in the
history of Protestantism:--Jacques (1570-1624), pastor of the church
founded by himself on his fief of le Tilloy and afterwards at Sedan,
where he became professor of Hebrew, distinguished as historian,
philologist and exegetical scholar; and Louis (see below).

On the protest of Guillaume Cappel, see Du Bellay, _Historia
Universitatis Parisiensis_, vol. v. On the family, see the sketch by
another Jacques Cappel, "De Capellorum gente," in the _Commentarii et
notae criticae in Vetus Testamentum_ of Louis Cappel, his father
(Amsterdam, 1689). Consult Eugene and Emile Haag, _La France
protestante_, vol. iii. (new edition, 1881).

CAPPEL, LOUIS (1585-16