have space for a bed. In the
emigrant carriages each passenger is entitled to space for his bed at
night, and it is thus arranged. The two seats hold four in the day.
At night two of the said four vacate, and occupy a space above, made
large enough for two beds. This is the arrangement when the car is
full, which is not often the case, but otherwise one sleeps above and
one below. I was fortunate. Sometimes I occupied the upper, sometimes
the lower space, but I never had to share either with another. The
above arrangement, viz. spaces for beds, is only in the emigrant
cars. In the first class, and in the second if there is one (for a
second class carriage is the exception), there is no board to pull
out to fill up the vacancy between the seats, nor is there any space
for beds above, so that really, unless you go first and pay the
nightly charge for the made bed in the Pullman car, you are far
better off in the emigrant carriage than in either of the others.

The spaces alluded to above at both ends of the carriages are
occupied in one case by a stove and reservoir for iced water, in the
other by a lavatory and retiring closet. The long journeys in America
_could_ not be undertaken without these conveniences.

In front of the door at each end of the carriage is a small platform,
which joins on to and very nearly touches the adjoining one of the
next car. The conductor or guard can thus at any time go from one end
of the train to the other. So in fact can anybody else, though not
permitted into a higher class than paid for. There is no difficulty
whatever in going from one carriage to another. I have often seen
children do it with the train running at full speed. The said
platforms, except the passing space, are railed in, and it is often
very pleasant to stand out there in the day time and see the scenery,
often at night too, when it is hot, for the draught then is very
welcome.

The seats in the emigrant cars have no cushions, they are plain wood.
The passengers sit on the pillows or mattresses brought with them,
and there is thus no hardship in it. The other carriages have all
cushioned seats. The Pullman cars are models of luxury. In some
trains there are two Pullmans; one used as a drawing-room in the day
and for beds at night, the other for meals. The lavatories in these
are most commodious, one for men and one for ladies, and in every
possible way the comfort of the passengers is studied. You have your
meals a