uestion. With the
exception of his strong political bias, and the errors I have just
mentioned I am, on the whole, in accord with the ideas of Bebel.

Another German author, Boelsche, (_Das Liebesleben in der Natur_) has
recently described love among all organized beings, including man,
with a tone of forced pleasantry which spoils the profound knowledge
of the author on the zoological and other subjects which he treats.

With regard to German literature, I recommend the _Archiv fuer Rassen
und Gesellschafts' Biologie_, edited by Doctor Plotz of Berlin. This
publication has for its object the study of the causes of degeneration
in our race and the remedies for it. Among other articles which have
appeared in this publication I may specially mention those of
Shallmayer on _Heredity and Selection in the Life of Races_, and
Thurnwald, _Town and Country in the Life of the Race_. I may also
mention Plotz: _Die Tuechtigkeit unserer Rasse und der Schutz der
Schwachen_, 1895, and _Mutterschutz_, a journal for the reform of
sexual ethics, 1905.

France has always shone in the domain of the poetry of love and the
art connected with it. Apart from the ancient classics I may refer to
George Sand, Alfred de Musset, Lamartine, and Madame de Stael. In the
practical conception of free love, George Sand was in advance of her
time. Among modern authors there are Paul Bourget; Andre Couvreur, who
in _La Graine_ deals with the problem of human selection; Brieux, who
in _Les Avaries_, attacks the social tragedies of venereal disease.
The book of Vacher de Lapouge on social selection is full of
interesting ideas, although too much influenced by the unstable
hypothesis of Gobineau. To make distinct zoological species of
dolichocephalics and brachycephalics, as Vacher de Lapouge attempts,
is a grave error in zoology. Charles Albert: _L'Amour Libre_, and
Queyrat: _La Demoralization de l'idee sexuelle_, give the note of
contemporary change in ideas on the sexual question.

In _Le Mariage et les Theories Malthusiennes_ (Paris, 1906) Dr.
Georges Guibert recommends early marriage, but does not take account
of human selection. Remy de Gourmont, _Physique de l'amour; Essai sur
l'instinct sexuel_, Paris, 1903, describes, very pessimistically, love
in the animal kingdom. Jeanne Deflou (_Le Sexualisme_, Paris, 1905)
has written a virulent feminine complaint against the injustice of the
stronger sex.

But the French author who has given the most pro