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aordinary cures of the sick. Second invasion of Attica by the Spartans. 429. Death of Pericles, during the plague, at Athens. Potidaea reduced by the Athenians. Birth of Plato. 428. Attica invaded the third time. Lesbos revolts from the Athenian confederacy; on this the Athenians besiege Mitylene. 427. Mitylene reduced; Athens becomes master of Lesbos. Plataea, the ally of Athens, after being besieged, surrenders to the Peloponnesians and is destroyed. Attica again invaded. 425. Agis begins the fifth invasion of Attica; he retires on learning that the Athenians under Cleon had taken Pylos and Sapachteria. Mount AEetna in eruption. On the death of Artaxerxes I, his son, Xerxes II, succeeds him as ruler of Persia; he reigns only forty-five days, being slain by his brother Sogdianus, who usurps the throne. 424. The island of Cythera taken by the Athenians. Brasidas, the Spartan general, captures Amphipolis, defeating Thucydides. Ochus (Darius Nothus) rids himself of Sogdianus and succeeds him on the Persian throne. 423. The Athenians banish Thucydides for having suffered Amphipolis to be taken. 422. The Athenians send Cleon to recover Amphipolis; he is defeated by Brasidas; both fall in the battle. 421. Peace of Nicias between Sparta and Athens. End of the first period of the Peloponnesian War. 420. Alcibiades negotiates an alliance between Athens and Argos. Amphipolis retained by the Spartans. 419. An Athenian expedition is led into the Peloponnesus by Alcibiades. 418. Victory of the Spartans at Mantinea. The league between Athens and Argos dissolved. 416. The island of Melos, which had remained neutral, is conquered by the Athenians; its inhabitants are treated with extreme cruelty. 415. The Athenians send an expedition against Syracuse under Nicias, Lamachus, and Alcibiades; the latter is recalled to answer an accusation of having broken some statues of Mercury in Athens; he takes refuge in Sparta. Andocides, the orator, implicated in the same charge, is imprisoned and exiled. 414. Syracuse is invested by the Athenians under Nicias; being hard pressed, Syracuse appeals to the other Greek states; Cylippus, the Spartan commander, comes with a fleet to the aid of the city. See "DEFEAT OF THE ATHENIANS AT SYRACUSE," ii, 48. The Romans capture Bolae, an AEquian town; the division of the booty causes a mutiny among the soldiers, who slay the quaestor and the military tr
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