tration of the whole
establishment.

J. F. A. McNAIR, R.A., C.M.G.
W. D. BAYLISS.

SCOTIA, PRESTON PARK,
BRIGHTON, SUSSEX.

Contents

Chapter I

EARLY RECORDS OF BENCOOLEN AND
OBSERVATIONS ABOUT CONVICTS 1

Chapter II

A SLIGHT SKETCH OF PENANG AND THE
TREATMENT OF THE CONVICTS THERE 14

Chapter III

OLD MALACCA, AND THE FIRST INTRODUCTION
OF CONVICTS THERE 25

Chapter IV

A RUNNING HISTORY OF SINGAPORE: ITS JAIL
SYSTEM AND ADMINISTRATION 31

Chapter V

SINGAPORE (CONTINUED) 47

Chapter VI

SINGAPORE (CONTINUED) 59

Chapter VII

SINGAPORE (CONTINUED) 75

Chapter VIII

DIVISION INTO CLASSES, TRADERS,
FOOD AND CLOTHING 84

Chapter IX

PUBLIC WORKS AND INDUSTRIES 96

Chapter X

STORIES ABOUT INDIAN CONVICTS AND
EUROPEAN LOCAL PRISONERS 113

Chapter XI

ABOLITION OF THE CONVICT DEPARTMENT
AND DISPOSAL OF THE CONVICTS 143

Chapter XII

DISEASES AND MALINGERING 147

Chapter XIII

CONCLUSION 156

APPENDICES 169

List of Illustrations and Plates

GENERAL MONTHLY MUSTER OF THE CONVICTS,
SINGAPORE JAIL _Frontispiece_

TO FACE PAGE

DUFFADAR ARJOON v

Plate I

OLD MAP SHOWING PENAL SETTLEMENTS 1

Plate II

FORT CORNWALLIS, PENANG 14

Plate III

BOUNDARIES OF MALACCA, PORTUGUESE PERIOD 25

Plate IV

OLD MALACCA 26

Plate V

ALBUQUERQUE 26

Plate VI

MALACCA RIVER 28

Plate VII

ST. FRANCIS XAVIER 28

Plate VIII

TOWN AND ENVIRONS OF SINGAPORE 31

Plate IX

ORIGINAL HUTS FOR CONVICTS, SINGAPORE 39

Plate X

DISTRIBUTION OF JA