e either produced by one and the
same individual hermaphrodite (Hermaphroditismus) or by two different
individuals (sexual-separation).

"The simpler and more ancient form of sexual propagation is through
double-sexed individuals. It occurs in the great majority of plants,
but only in a minority of animals, for example, in the garden snails,
leeches, earth-worms, and many other worms. Every single individual
among hermaphrodites produces within itself materials of both
sexes--eggs and sperm. In most of the higher plants every blossom
contains both the male organ (stamens and anther) and the female organ
(style and germ). Every garden snail produces in one part of its
sexual gland eggs, and in another part sperm. Many hermaphrodites can
fructify themselves; in others, however, reciprocal fructification of
both hermaphrodites is necessary for causing the development of the
eggs. This latter case is evidently a transition to sexual separation.

"Sexual separation, which characterises the more complicated of the
two kinds of sexual reproduction, has evidently been developed from
the condition of hermaphroditism at a late period of the organic
history of the world. It is at present the universal method of
propagation of the higher animals.... The so-called virginal
reproduction (Parthenogenesis) offers an interesting form of
transition from sexual reproduction to the non-sexual formation of
germ-cells which most resembles it.... In this case germ-cells which
otherwise appear and are formed exactly like egg-cells, become capable
of developing themselves into new individuals without requiring the
fructifying seed. The most remarkable and the most instructive of the
different parthenogenetic phenomena are furnished by those cases in
which the same germ-cells, according as they are fructified or not,
produce different kinds of individuals. Among our common honey bees, a
male individual (a drone) arises out of the eggs of the queen, if the
egg has not been fructified; a female (a queen, or working bee) if the
egg has been fructified. It is evident from this, that in reality
there exists no wide chasm between sexual and non-sexual reproduction,
but that both modes of reproduction are directly connected."[17]

Now, the interesting fact in connection with the evolution of Third
Race man on Lemuria, is that his mode of reproduction ran through
phases which were closely analogous with some of the processes above
described. Sweat-bo