lic rights consisted of the _jus suffragii_
(right of voting at Rome); _jus honorum_ (right of holding office),
and _jus provocationis_ (right of appeal). Private rights were _jus
connubii_ (right of intermarriage); and _jus commercii_ (right of
trading and holding property). Full rights were acquired either by
birth or gift. A child born of parents, both of whom enjoyed the
_jus connubii_, was a Roman citizen with full rights. Foreigners were
sometimes presented with citizenship (_civitas_))

b. Those who were subjects and did not possess full rights.

c. Those who were ALLIES (_Socii_).

d. Those who were SLAVES, who possessed no rights.

e. Those who were RESIDENT FOREIGNERS, who possessed the right of
trading.

To class _a_ belonged the citizens of Rome, of the Roman colonies, and
of some of the Municipia.

To class _b_ belonged the citizens of most of the Municipia, who
possessed only private rights, the citizens of all the _Praefecturae_,
and the citizens of all the Latin colonies.

ROADS.

Even at this early date, the necessity of easy communication with the
capital seems to have been well understood. Roads were pushed in every
direction,--broad, level ways, over which armies might be marched
or intelligence quickly carried. They were chains which bound her
possessions indissolubly together. Some of them remain today a monument
of Roman thoroughness, enterprise, and sagacity,--the wonder and
admiration of modern road-builders. By these means did Rome fasten
together the constantly increasing fabric of her empire, so that not
even the successes of Hannibal caused more than a momentary shaking of
fidelity, for which ample punishment was both speedy and certain.

NOTED MEN.

The three most noted men of the period embraced in the two preceding
chapters were Appius Claudius, the Censor and patrician; and Manius
Curius Dentatus and Gaius Fabricius, plebeians.

We have seen that all plebeians who were land-owners belonged to one of
the tribes, and could vote in the _Comitia Tributa_; this, however, shut
out the plebeians of the city who owned no land, and also the freedmen,
who were generally educated and professional men, such as doctors,
teachers, etc.

APPIUS CLAUDIUS as Censor, in 312, deprived the landowners of the
exclusive privilege of voting in the _Comitia Tributa_, and gave to
property owners of any sort the right to vote. Eight years later this
law was modified, so that it applied to the fou