ed
troops so that they should not suffer undue fatigue.

It is but piling on the agony to dwell upon the details of the retreat to
the Jordan; it is sufficient to say that it seemed to be the concentrated
essence of all that had gone before, and that on the eleventh day after the
commencement of the raid the crossing was again safely accomplished.
Although it was unsuccessful, I suggest that as a triumph over privation
and fatigue, and for extreme gallantry under most trying conditions of
battle, the venture is without parallel in British military history,
especially in regard to the infantry, who had marched and fought almost
continuously for ten days. The mounted troops would, I think, be the first
to grant them pride of place, for, as I have tried to show elsewhere,
whatever happened, we counted ourselves fortunate who had a horse or a
camel to ride in Palestine. Poor brutes! Those who returned from the raid
on Amman were in a pitiable plight. Some of the camels had not had their
heavy saddles off for eight days, and when at last they were removed the
flesh of the flanks and back came away with them.

The net result of this affair was the formation of a bridgehead at
Ghoraniyeh, which during the first fortnight in April the Turks made strong
attempts to retake, without success; and they finally contented themselves
with fortifying the pass of Shunet Nimrin and placing a powerful garrison
there in order to frustrate any further raids on Amman.

With the end of the rains and the rapid approach of summer came a period of
sheer torment for our troops in the Jordan Valley. The mud changed to a
fine, powdery dust, which rose in clouds at the slightest movement, myriads
of flies awoke from their long winter sleep, and clouds of mosquitoes
arrived for their annual feast. Drill shorts, which formerly had been the
general summer wear, were now strictly forbidden to the mounted troops, who
were forced to endure the sticky agony of riding-breeches every hour of the
twenty-four in order to expose as little as possible of their persons to
the unremitting attacks of these pestilential insects. Also, the bivouac
areas were infested with small but poisonous snakes who had, like
scorpions, a fondness for army blankets; and it is no exaggeration to say
that a man went to sleep every night with the full consciousness that he
might never wake again. Finally, as if these inflictions were not enough,
droves of Turkish aeroplanes came over