second Balkan war Montenegro could not refuse to take part as,
then, if the Serbs won, she would lose all her war-spoils. I noted
in my diary: "The Powers are making a damned mess of everything by
their shilly-shally. . . . What rot it is for five Powers to be
spending the Lord knows what on these warships, admirals, soldiers,
etc. hanging about Scutari while the people up-country are dying of
hunger." The suffering in the burnt villages was terrible. People
were cooking grass for their starving children, and the death-rate
from diarrhoea was high. Anything the Belgians suffered in
1914 was child's play in comparison. Meanwhile Roumania entered into
the second Balkan war and stabbed Bulgaria in the back. History
records few dirtier actions, nor need we waste pity on Roumania for
the punishment which has since fallen upon her.

That the destruction of Bulgaria was early planned by Greek and Serb
seems likely, for, as early as April, the Serb Minister at Bucarest
proposed a Serbo-Roumanian alliance against Bulgaria, and the
Serbian General staff began fortifying Ovtchepolje. Bulgaria fell,
and the Treaty of Bucarest was signed on August 10, 1913. Albania
was deadly anxious. The victorious Serbs and Greeks were drunk with
blood, and thirsted for hers, too. And still the Powers made no move
to send a Prince.

At the end of August I went up to the Shala mountains, where
refugees from the Gusinje district seized by Montenegro, came in
misery; survivors of the massacres which, in the name of
Christianity, were going on. I examined witnesses. Four battalions
of Montenegrins were carrying on a reign of terror. Moslems were
given choice of baptism or death. Praying in Moslem form was
forbidden. Men were slaughtered, and their wives unveiled and
baptised, and in some cases violated as well. I was prayed to ask
the King of England, who has many Moslem subjects, to save these
hapless Moslems from extinction.

To Scutari came similar news of the hideous cruelty, by means of
which Great Serbia was being created. An Ipek man, well educated and
of high standing, told of what happened there: "Every day the telal
cried in the streets 'To-day the Government will shoot ten (or more)
men!' No one knew which men they would be, or why they were shot.
They were stood in a trench, which was to be their grave. Twelve
soldiers fired, and as the victims fell the earth was shovelled over
them, whether living or dead. Baptisms were forced by tor