be proved by the
discovery in that town of the little monument reproduced on
the next page, and of many objects in the same style, many
of which are in the Louvre or the British Museum.

*** I have not discovered among the personal attendants of
the descendants of Hrihor any functionary bearing the title
of _Chief of the Mashaiuasha _; even those who bore it later
on, under the XXIInd dynasty, were always officers from
the north of Egypt. It seems almost certain that Thebes
always avoided having Libyan troops, and never received a
Mashauasha settlement.

These Libyan immigrants had adopted the arts of Egypt and the externals
of her civilization; they sculptured rude figures on the rocks and
engraved scenes on their stone vessels, in which they are represented
fully armed,* and taking part in some skirmish or attack, or even a
chase in the desert. The hunters are divided into two groups, each of
which is preceded by a different ensign--that of the West for the right
wing of the troop, and that of the East for the left wing. They carry
the spear the boomerang, the club, the double-curved bow, and the
dart; a fox's skin depends from their belts over their thighs, and an
ostrich's feather waves above their curly hair.

* I attribute to the Libyans, whether mercenaries or tribes
hovering on the Egyptian frontier, the figures cut
everywhere on the rocks, which no one up till now has
reproduced or studied. To them I attribute also the tombs
which Mr. Petrie has so successfully explored, and in which
he finds the remains of a New Race which seems to have
conquered Egypt after the VIth dynasty: they appear to be of
different periods, but all belong to the Berber horsemen of
the desert and the outskirts of the Nile valley.

[Illustration: 410.jpg A TROOP OF LIBYANS HUNTING]

Drawn by Boudier, from the original in the Louvre.

They never abandoned this special head-dress and manner of arming
themselves, and they can always be recognised on the monuments by the
plumes surmounting their forehead.*

* This design is generally thought to represent a piece of
cloth folded in two, and laid flat on the head; examination
of the monuments proves that it is the ostrich plume fixed
at the back of the head, and laid flat on the hair or wig.

Their settlement on the banks of the Nile and intermarriage with the
Egyp