rent from
what it is now, for the seas flowed over vast areas which are now
solid ground. Immense trees grew in those times, and the great ferns
and palms and tropical plants grew in portions where now they cannot
grow because it is too cold. I want to draw some trees and bushes to
represent this great growth. [Draw trees and bushes of Fig. 72 in
green.] And also the bright warm sun which, together with the
abundance of water, caused them to grow so profusely. [Draw the sun in
orange, completing Fig. 72.] Then, the geologists tell us, there came
a great change. There were awful volcanic disturbances which caused
the sea to overflow great areas of these trees and bushes and ferns,
and they were buried from sight by a vast expanse of water. Gradually,
though, another change came. The waters receded into lesser areas and
the ground arose from beneath the waves. But the trees and the bushes
and the ferns were gone. Where? They had been buried deep beneath the
mud and sand and stones which the waters had washed over them. Then,
after that, God created the monster mastodon and the mammoth and many
other beasts which have since disappeared from the earth, and finally
man was created to have dominion over the earth. For many centuries
afterward, no one knew that the earth was once the place of immense
trees and ferns and rank vegetable growth which had since been buried
beneath the surface. But one day, some of this old, buried vegetable
matter was found and brought to the surface of the earth. By that time
it was not green any longer. It was hard and compact and looked very
much like black stone. Someone seemed to think it would burn if fire
were applied to it. And, strange to say, it did burn.

[Illustration: Fig. 72]

"Thus was coal discovered.

"Ever since then, we have been digging from the depths of the earth
the coal which was deposited there in those ages of the past. And it
is blessing the world everywhere. [With the broad side of your black
crayon, quickly cover the vegetation of Fig. 72. Then, with broad
strokes of the orange chalk, or with a combination of the yellow and
the red, draw the flames, completely covering the sun, and finishing
Fig. 73.] Coal is now the chief of the elements which bring warmth to
our homes, our places of business and everywhere that we are spending
our time indoors; it is the great factor in our great manufacturing
and transportation enterprises. God laid it all up for us millions of