bosom, and begins to breathe with frequent and short
respirations; at the same time the cold contracts his red skin, gradually
turning it pale; the contents of the bladder and of the bowels are
evacuated: and from the experience of these first disagreeable sensations
the passion of fear is excited, which is no other than the expectation of
disagreeable sensations. This early association of motions and sensations
persists throughout life; the passion of fear produces a cold and pale
skin, with tremblings, quick respiration, and an evacuation of the bladder
and bowels, and thus constitutes the natural or universal language of this
passion.

On observing a Canary bird this morning, January 28, 1772, at the house of
Mr. Harvey, near Tutbury, in Derbyshire, I was told it always fainted away,
when its cage was cleaned, and desired to see the experiment. The cage
being taken from the ceiling, and its bottom drawn out, the bird began to
tremble, and turned quite white about the root of his bill: he then opened
his mouth as if for breath, and respired quick, stood straighter up on his
perch, hung his wings, spread his tail, closed his eyes, and appeared quite
stiff and cataleptic for near half an hour, and at length with much
trembling and deep respirations came gradually to himself.

2. _Of Grief._

That the internal membrane of the nostrils may be kept always moist, for
the better perception of odours, there are two canals, that conduct the
tears after they have done their office in moistening and cleaning the ball
of the eye into a sack, which is called the lacrymal sack; and from which
there is a duct, that opens into the nostrils: the aperture of this duct is
formed of exquisite sensibility, and when it is stimulated by odorous
particles, or by the dryness or coldness of the air, the sack contracts
itself, and pours more of its contained moisture on the organ of smell. By
this contrivance the organ is rendered more fit for perceiving such odours,
and is preserved from being injured by those that are more strong or
corrosive. Many other receptacles of peculiar fluids disgorge their
contents, when the ends of their ducts are stimulated; as the gall bladder,
when the contents of the duodenum stimulate the extremity of the common
bile duct: and the salivary glands, when the termination of their ducts in
the mouth are excited by the stimulus of the food we masticate. Atque
vesiculae seminales suum exprimunt fluidum glande peni