able, by its
periodical migrations, to outlive a northern winter. The jackal (_Canis
aureus_) inhabits Africa, the warmer parts of Asia, and Greece; while
the isatis (_Canis lagopus_) resides in the arctic regions. The African
hare and the polar hare have their geographical distribution expressed
in their trivial names;"[131] and different species of bears thrive in
tropical, temperate, and arctic latitudes.

Recent investigations have placed beyond all doubt the important fact
that a species of tiger, identical with that of Bengal, is common in the
neighborhood of Lake Aral, near Sussac, in the forty-fifth degree of
north latitude; and from time to time this animal is now seen in
Siberia, in a latitude as far north as the parallel of Berlin and
Hamburgh.[132] Humboldt remarks that the part of Southern Asia now
inhabited by this Indian species of tiger is separated from the Himalaya
by two great chains of mountains, each covered with perpetual snow,--the
chain of Kuenlun, lat. 35 degrees N., and that of Mouztagh, lat. 42
degrees,--so that it is impossible that these animals should merely have
made excursions from India, so as to have penetrated in summer to the
forty-eighth and fifty-third degrees of north latitude. They must remain
all the winter north of the Mouztagh, or Celestial Mountains. The last
tiger killed, in 1828, on the Lena, in lat. 52-1/4 degrees, was in a
climate colder than that of Petersburg and Stockholm.[133]

We learn from Mr. Hodgson's account of the mammalia of Nepal, that the
tiger is sometimes found at the very edge of perpetual snow in the
Himalaya;[134] and Pennant mentions that it is found among the snows of
Mount Ararat in Armenia. The jaguar, also, has been seen in America,
wandering from Mexico, as far north as Kentucky, lat. 37 degrees
N.,[135] and even as far as 42 degrees S. in South America,--a latitude
which corresponds to that of the Pyrenees in the northern
hemisphere.[136] The range of the puma is still wider, for it roams from
the equator to the Straits of Magellan, being often seen at Port Famine,
in lat. 53 degrees 38 minutes S.

A new species of panther (_Felis irbis_), covered with long hair, has
been discovered in Siberia, evidently inhabiting, like the tiger, a
region north of the Celestial Mountains, which are in lat. 42
degrees.[137]

The two-horned African rhinoceros occurs without the tropics at the Cape
of Good Hope, in lat. 34 degrees 29 minutes S., where it is acc