were "long" only as
regards the case, the pendulum being comparatively short, while
sometimes the case acted merely as a pedestal for a bracket-clock fixed
on the top. These pieces were usually mounted very elaborately in gilt
bronze, cast and chased, and French bracket and chamber clocks were
usually of gilded metal or marble, or a combination of the two; this
essentially late 18th-century type still persists. English bracket
clocks contemporary with them were most frequently of simple square or
arched form in mahogany. The "grandfather" case was also made in the Low
Countries, of generous height, very swelling and bulbous.

See F. J. Britten, _Old Clocks and Watches and their Makers_ (2nd
edition, London, 1904); Mathieu Planchon, _L'Horloge, son histoire
retrospective, pittoresque et artistique_ (Paris, 1899). (J. P.-B.)

CLODIA, VIA, an ancient high-road of Italy. Its course, for the first 11
m., was the same as that of the Via Cassia; it then diverged to the
N.N.W. and ran on the W. side of the Lacus Sabatinus, past Forum Clodii
and Blera. At Forum Cassii it may have rejoined the Via Cassia, and it
seems to have taken the same line as the latter as far as Florentia
(Florence). But beyond Florentia, between Luca (Lucca) and Luna, we find
another Forum Clodii, and the Antonine Itinerary gives the route from
Luca to Rome as being by the Via Clodia--wrongly as regards the portion
from Florentia southwards, but perhaps rightly as regards that from Luca
to Florentia. In that case the Clodius whose name the road bears,
possibly C. Clodius Vestalis (c. 43 B.C.), was responsible for the
construction of the first portion and of that from Florentia to Luca
(and Luna), and the founder of the two Fora Clodii. The name seems, in
imperial times, to have to some extent driven out that of the Cassia,
and both roads were administered, with other minor roads, by the same
_curator_.

See Ch. Hulsen in Pauly-Wissowa, _Realencyclopadie_, iv. 63; cf.
CASSIA, VIA. (T. As.)

CLODIUS,[1] PUBLIUS (c. 93-52 B.C.), surnamed PULCHER, Roman politician.
He took part in the third Mithradatic war under his brother-in-law
Lucius Licinius Lucullus, but considering himself treated with
insufficient respect, he stirred up a revolt; another brother-in-law, Q.
Marcius Rex, governor of Cilicia, gave him the command of his fleet, but
he was captured by pirates. On his release he repaired to Syria, where
he nearly lost his life