Lord, Spencer Walpole's estimate, 164.

Panama Canal, Goethe's prophecy, 72.

Paper money. _See_ Finances.

Parkman, Francis, originality, 28;
best work, 68;
remuneration, 78;
national pride in, 102;
and religion, 131;
on _The Nation_, 270, 295.

Partisanship, historical value of newspaper, 83, 91.

Pascal, Blaise, influence on Gibbon, 119.

Pasteur, Louis, biography, 59.

Patriotism in historians, 22.

Pericles, funeral oration, 18, 23.

Philippines, annexation and Monroe Doctrine, 195;
McKinley's attitude, 233;
Godkin's attitude, 286.

Physical sciences, and history, 2;
and training of historian, 55-59.

Pierce, E. L., essay on, 177-181;
biography of Sumner, 177-179;
as politician and citizen, 179, 181;
historic sense, 179;
character, 180;
interest in Massachusetts Historical Society, 181.

Pierce, Franklin, as President, 213.

Pike, J. S., historical value of newspaper articles, 31.

Pittsburg, railroad riot of 1877, 252, 253.

Pliny the Younger, on Tacitus, 9.

Plutarch, North's translation, 1;
on Thucydides, 19.

Poetry, and history, 1.

Politics, Godkin on decline, 296, 297.
_See also_ Civil service, Congress, Elections, Newspapers,
Presidential office, and parties by name.

Polk, J. K., as President, 211.

Polybius, as historian, 6.

Popularity, and historical writing, 44.

Presidential office, essay on, 203-241;
flexibility of powers and duties, 204;
under Washington, control of treaties, 205-207;
John Adams to J. Q. Adams, extension of power, 207-209;
and annexations, 208;
and Monroe Doctrine, 209;
under Jackson, era of vulgarity, spoils system, 209-211;
Van Buren to Buchanan, annexations and slavery, 211-213;
period of weakness, 213;
under Lincoln, war power, 213-216;
under Johnson, nadir, 216;
and cabinet government, 217, 240, 263;
under Grant, 217-219, 262;
veto power, 219;
Kent on dangers in elections, 219;
contested election of 1876, 219, 254;
under Hayes, 220-222, 245-264;
under Garfield, civil service reform, 222;
under Arthur, 222;
under Cleveland, advance in power, 223-226;
under Harrison, 226-228;
under McKinley, 229-234;
and public opinion, 231-234;
character of Roosevelt, 235;
business, interruptions and their remedy, 236-239;
appointments, number o