communities.

"Penal, correctional, and commercial laws, and rules of procedure
for the mixed tribunals, shall be drawn up as soon as possible, and
formed into a code. Translations of them shall be published in all
the languages current in the empire.

"Proceedings shall be taken with as little delay as possible, for
the reform of the penitentiary system as applied to houses of
detention, punishment, or correction, and other establishments of
like nature, so as to reconcile the rights of humanity with those of
justice. Corporal punishment shall not be administered, even in the
prisons, except in conformity with the disciplinary regulations
established by my Sublime Porte; and everything that resembles
torture shall be entirely abolished.

"Infractions of the law in this particular shall be severely
repressed, and shall besides entail, as of right, the punishment, in
conformity with the civil code, of the authorities who may order,
and of the agents who may commit them.

"The organization of the police in the capital, in the provincial
towns, and in the rural districts, shall be revised in such a manner
as to give to all the peaceable subjects of my empire the strongest
guaranties for the safety both of their persons and property.

"The equality of taxes entailing equality of burdens, as equality of
duties entails that of rights, Christian subjects, and those of
other non-Mussulman sects, as it has been already decided, shall, as
well as Mussulmans, be subject to the obligations of the Law of
Recruitment. The principle of obtaining substitutes, or of
purchasing exemption, shall be admitted. A complete law shall be
published, with as little delay as possible, respecting the
admission into and service in the army of Christian and other
non-Mussulman subjects.

"Proceedings shall be taken for a reform in the constitution of the
provincial and communal councils, in order to insure fairness in the
choice of the deputies of the Mussulman, Christian, and other
communities, and freedom of voting in the councils. My Sublime Porte
will take into consideration the adoption of the most effectual
means for ascertaining exactly and for controlling the result of the
deliberations of the decisions arrived at.

"As the laws regulating the purchase, sale, and disposal of real
property are common to all the subjects of my empire, it shall be
lawful for foreigners to possess landed property in my dominions,
conforming themselves