-blades or bones on each side, removing the pressure
immediately before turning the body on the side. During the whole of the
operations let one person attend solely to the movements of the head,
and of the arm placed under it.

The result is respiration, or natural breathing, and, if not too late,
life.

While the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and
feet, and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured, strip the
body and cover, or gradually reclothe it, but take care not to interfere
with the efforts to restore breathing.

SYLVESTER'S METHOD

Rule 1. _To Adjust the Patient's Position._--Place the patient on his
back on a flat surface, inclined a little from the feet upward; raise
and support the head and shoulders on a small, firm cushion or folded
article of dress, placed under the shoulder-blades. Remove all tight
clothing from about the neck and chest.

[Illustration: SYLVESTER'S METHOD--FIGURE 1]

Rule 2. _To Maintain a Free Entrance of Air Into the Windpipe._--Cleanse
the mouth and nostrils; open the mouth; draw forward the patient's
tongue, and keep it forward; an elastic band over the tongue and under
the chin will answer this purpose. (Fig. 1.)

Rule 3. _To Imitate the Movements of Breathing._--First, _Induce
inspiration_. Place yourself at the head of the patient, grasp his arms
(at the elbow-joints), raise them upward by the sides of his head,
stretch them steadily but gently upward, for two seconds. By this means
fresh air is drawn into the lungs by raising the ribs. (Fig. 2.)

[Illustration: SYLVESTER'S METHOD--FIGURE 2]

Secondly, _Induce Expiration_.--Immediately turn down the patient's
arms, and press the elbows firmly but gently downward against the sides
of the chest, for two seconds. By this means foul air is expelled from
the lungs by depressing the ribs. (Fig. 3.)

Thirdly, _Continue These Movements_.--Repeat these measures alternately,
deliberately, and perseveringly fifteen times a minute, until a
spontaneous effort to respire be perceived. By these means an exchange
of air is produced in the lungs similar to that effected by natural
respiration.

[Illustration: SYLVESTER'S METHOD--FIGURE 3]

When a spontaneous effort to respire is perceived, cease to imitate the
movements of breathing, and proceed to induce circulation and warmth, as
described on following page.

Rule 4. _To Excite Respiration._--During the employment of the above
method, excit