way from the border
States as a punishment, being too refractory to be dealt
with there in the face of the civilization of the North.
They come here with the knowledge of the Christian religion,
with its germs planted and expanding, as it were, in the
dark, rich soil of their African nature, with feelings of
relationship with the families from which they came, and
with a sense of unmerited banishment as culprits, all which
tends to bring upon them a greater severity of treatment and
a corresponding disinclination 'to receive punishment'. They
are far superior beings to their ancestors, who were brought
from Africa two generations ago, and who occasionally
rebelled against comparatively less severe punishment than
is inflicted now. While rising in the scale of Christian
beings, their treatment is being rendered more severe than
ever. The whip, the chains, the stocks, and imprisonment are
no mere fancies here; they are used to any extent to which
the imagination of civilized man may reach. Many of them are
as intelligent as their masters, and far more moral, for
while the slave appeals to the moral law as his vindication,
clinging to it as to the very horns of the altar of his
safety and his hope, the master seldom hesitates to wrest
him from it with violence and contempt. The slave, it is
true, bears no resentment; he asks for no punishment for his
master; he simply claims justice for himself; and it is this
feature of his condition that promises more terror to the
retribution when it comes. Even now the whites stand
accursed by their oppression of humanity, being subject to a
degree of confusion, chaos, and enslavement to error and
wrong, which northern society could not credit or
comprehend.

"Added to the four millions of the colored race whose
disaffection is increasing even more rapidly than their
number, there are at least four millions more of the white
race whose growing miseries will naturally seek
companionship with those of the blacks. This latter portion
of southern society has its representatives, who swing from
the scaffold with the same desperate coolness, though from a
directly different cause, as that which was manifested by
John Brown. The traitor Mumford, who swung the other day for
trampling on the na