of the class (fig. 8)
gives three and a half quarts only a day, and goes dry when with calf.

[Illustration: Fig. 9. FIFTH CLASS. Fig. 10.

_Order_ 1. DEMIJOHN COW. _Order_ 8.]

Here is another general mark, easily distinguishable from all the others
by its outline. The first order (fig. 9) will give eighteen quarts a
day, and give milk eight months, or within a month of calving. Yellowish
skin; delicate bag, covered with fine downy hair, as in the higher
orders of all the preceding classes. The eighth order of this class
(fig. 10) will give only two and a half quarts per day, and none after
conceiving anew. The gradation from first to eighth order is regular, as
in the others.

SIXTH CLASS.

Yield of first order (fig. 11) eighteen quarts per day; time, eight
months. Skin within the escutcheon same color, bag equally delicate, and
hair fine, as in all the first orders. Eighth order (fig. 12) yields
about two quarts per day, and dries up on getting with calf.

[Illustration: Fig. 11. Fig. 12.

_Order_ 1. SQUARE ESCUTCHEON COW. _Order_ 8.]

[Illustration: Fig. 13. SEVENTH CLASS. Fig. 14.

_Order_ 1. LIMOUSINE COW. _Order_ 8.]

First order in this class (fig. 13) gives fifteen quarts; time, eight
months. The skin, bag, and hair, same as in the higher orders in all the
classes. The eighth order (fig. 14) will yield two and a half quarts per
day, and dry up when with calf.

EIGHTH CLASS.

First order (fig. 15) will give fifteen quarts per day; time, eight
months. Skin in escutcheon reddish-yellow and silky, hair fine, teats
far apart. The eighth order (fig. 16) yields two and a half quarts a
day, and dries up on getting with calf.

[Illustration: Fig. 15. Fig. 16.

_Order_ 1. HORIZONTAL CUT COW. _Order_ 8.]

Each class of cows has a kind called bastards, among those whose
escutcheons would otherwise indicate the first order of their class:
these often deceive the most practised eye. The only remedy is to become
familiar with the infallible marks given by Guenon by which bastards may
be known. This defect will account for the irregularity of many cows,
and their suddenly going dry on becoming with calf, and often for the
bad quality of their milk. They are distinguished by the lines of
ascending and descending hair in their escutcheon.

[Illustration: Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Fig. 19.]

In the FLANDERS COW (fig. 17) there are two bastards; one distinguished
by the fact that the hair forming the line of the