A (2001)

Oil - proved reserves:
273 million bbl (1 January 2002)

Natural gas - production:
48.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:
9.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports:
38.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
1.43 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)

Current account balance:
$957 million (2003)

Exports:
$3.355 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Exports - commodities:
gas 57%, oil 26%, cotton fiber 3%, textiles 2% (2001)

Exports - partners:
Ukraine 39.2%, Italy 18.1%, Iran 14.7%, Turkey 6.5% (2003)

Imports:
$2.472 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999)

Imports - partners:
Russia 21.5%, Ukraine 15.3%, Turkey 9.4%, UAE 7.6%, Germany 4.2%,
China 4.2% (2003)

Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
$2.696 billion (2003)

Debt - external:
$2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
$16 million from the US (2001)

Currency:
Turkmen manat (TMM)

Currency code:
TMM

Exchange rates:
Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (2003), 5,200 (2002), 5,200
(2001), 5,200 (2000), 5,200 (1999);note - the official exchange rate
has not varied for the last six years; the unofficial rate has
fluctuated slightly, hovering around 21,000 manats to the dollar

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Communications Turkmenistan

Telephones - main lines in use:
374,000 (2002)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
52,000 (2004)

Telephone system:
general assessment: poorly developed
domestic: NA
international: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwave
radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased
connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new
telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new
exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey
via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat

Radio broadcast stations:
AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios:
1.225 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
4 (government owned and programmed) (2004)

Televisions:
820,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
.tm

Internet hosts:
524 (2004)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
1

Internet users:
8,000 (2002)

Transportation Turkmenistan

Railways:
total: 2,