(including 6,455 km of expressways)
unpaved: 627,423 km (1999)

Waterways:
1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2004)

Pipelines:
gas 2,719 km; oil 170 km; oil/gas/water 60 km (2004)

Ports and harbors:
Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi-Harima,
Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima,
Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo, Tomakomai

Merchant marine:
total: 568 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 10,149,196 GRT/12,680,544 DWT
by type: bulk 113, cargo 39, chemical tanker 18, combination bulk
31, combination ore/oil 1, container 14, liquefied gas 53, passenger
8, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 170, refrigerated cargo 6,
roll on/roll off 58, short-sea/passenger 7, vehicle carrier 49
registered in other countries: 1,989 (2004 est.)
foreign-owned: China 1, Panama 1, Philippines 1, Singapore 1

Airports:
174 (2003 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
total: 143
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 37
914 to 1,523 m: 28
under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 39

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 31
over 3047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)

Heliports:
15 (2003 est.)

Military Japan

Military branches:
Ground Self-Defense Force (Army), Maritime Self-Defense Force
(Navy), Air Self-Defense Force (Air Force), Coast Guard

Military manpower - military age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 29,179,095 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 25,189,438 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 700,931 (2004 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$42,488.1 million (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
1% (2003)

Transnational Issues Japan

Disputes - international:
The sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and
Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern
Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kuril Islands", occupied
by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia and claimed
by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace
treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; intensified media
coverage and protests highlight dispute over the fishing-rich
Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima)