anuscripts. These are often very
long, and it is unnecessary to burden the present text with them, as I
shall have to give the full titles in the notes to the Documentary
History proper.

It may not be out of place to add to the above a brief review of the
distribution and location of the various Pueblo groups at the beginning
of the sixteenth century, but strictly according to documentary
information alone. The location of different villages must be reserved
for later treatment, hence as the ranges of the various linguistic
groups had no definite boundaries, only the relative position and
approximate extent can be given here.

Following the course of the Rio Grande to the north from northern
Chihuahua, the Mansos were first met, in the vicinity of the present
Juarez, Mexico. This was in 1598. Nearly one hundred and forty years
later Brigadier Don Pedro de Rivera met them farther north, not far
from Las Cruces and Dona Ana, New Mexico. To-day they are again at El
Paso del Norte. About San Marcial on the Rio Grande began the villages
of the Piros, at present reduced to one small village on the right bank
of the Rio Grande below El Paso. The Piros extended in the sixteenth
century as far north in the Rio Grande valley as Alamillo at least, and
a branch of them had established themselves on the borders of the great
eastern plains of New Mexico, southeast of the Manzano. That branch,
which has left well-known ruins at Abo, Gran Quivira (Tabira), and other
sites in the vicinity, abandoned its home in the seventeenth century,
forming the Piro settlement below El Paso, already mentioned. North of
the Piros, between a line drawn south of Isleta and the Mesa del
Canjelon, the Tiguas occupied a number of villages, mostly on the
western bank of the river, and a few Tigua settlements existed also on
the margin of the eastern plains beyond the Sierra del Manzano. These
outlying Tigua settlements also were abandoned in the seventeenth
century, their inhabitants fleeing from the Apaches and retiring to form
the Pueblo of Isleta del Sur on the left bank of the Rio Grande in
Texas.

North of the Tiguas the Queres had their homes on both sides of the
river as far as the great canyon south of San Ildefonso, and an outlying
pueblo of the Queres, isolated and quite remote to the west, was Acoma.
The most northerly villages on the Rio Grande were those of the Tehuas.
Still beyond, but some distance east of the Rio Grande, lay the Pueblos