iences, military, study of, 49.

Scipio, 364.

Sea-coast as a base of operations, 83, 84.

Sea, control of, held by England, 173.
control of, important in an invasion, 30.

Secondary lines, 103.

Sebastian of Portugal, descent of, on Morocco, 378.

Sebastopol, 347.

Secondary depots, 262, 263.

Shallow order, 298.
order, infantry, 292.

Shumla, camp of, 155.

Siege, how covered, 153.
of Candia, 380, 381.
of Copenhagen, 384.
of Mantua, 111.

Sieges and active armies, relations between, 112.
duty of staff officers in, 256.
wars of, 146.

Signaling by fires, 276.

Signals by military instruments, 276.
simultaneous shouts as, 277.
system of, 274.

Simple and interior lines, advantage of, 114.
lines of operations, 101.

Simultaneous shouts as signals, 277.

Single line of operations, when preferable, 116.

Sizeboli, capture of, 223.

Skill, superiority in, 42.

Skirmishers, 359, 360.

Skirmishing-order, 292.

Small detachments, how useful, 224.

Smolensk, Napoleon's retreat from, 235.

Southern Germany, valley of the Danube the strategic key of, 162.

Sovereign as commander, 52.

Spain adapted to parallel retreats, 240.
and Portugal, Wellington's tactics in, 358.
invasions of, 23.
war in, in 1823, 27.

Spanish Armada, 249, 378, 379.
capture of Vera Cruz by, 390.
descent on Algiers, 382.
descent on Morocco in 1859, 389.

Spies, 269.
best course for, 270.
difficulties in their way, 270.
use of, neglected in many modern armies, 270.
when especially useful, 270.

Squares in echelons, 297.
infantry, 294, 296, 297.
in two ranks, 294.

Staff, chief of, 253,
chief of, how selected, 57.
general, usefulness of, 57.
officers and general must act in concert, 257.
officers, duties of, should be defined, 253.
officers, duty of, in offensive war, 258.
officers should inspect materiel, 257.
officers, summary of duties of, 254-256.

Standing armies, effect of, on distant invasions, 171.

State, how rendered secure, 138.

Statesmanship, relation of, to war, 14.

Statesmen, duty of, in offensive war, 17.

Statistics, military, 39.

St. Domingo, expedition to, in 1802, 384.

Stockach, 179, 205.
defeat of the French at, 111.

Strategic defense in mountainous countries, 164.

Stollhofen, lines of, 152.

Strategical and tactical lines of defense, 95.

Strategic combinations, 72.
combinations, when better than tact