elementary world-view.

During the time the pupil is acquiring this elementary knowledge of
the world as a whole, certain facts of history may be interrelated
with the geographical study.

According to the plan already suggested, it will be seen that the pupil
is carried out from a study of the limited area of land and water about
him to an idea of the world as a sphere, with its great distribution
of land and water. In this transference he soon comes to perceive how
small a part his hitherto known world forms of the great earth-sphere
itself.

Something analogous to this transition on the part of the pupil to
a larger view seems to be found in the history of the western nations
of Europe. It is the gradual change in the conception of the world
held during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries to the enlarged
conception of the world as a sphere which the remarkable discoveries
and explorations of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries brought
about.

The analogy serves pedagogically to point out an interesting and
valuable _interrelation_ of certain facts of history with certain
phases of geographical study.

This book has been prepared for the purpose of affording material for
such an interrelation. The plan of interrelation is simple. As the
study of the world as a whole, in the manner already sketched,
progresses, the appropriate chapters are read, discussed, and
reproduced, and the routes of the various discoverers and explorers
traced. No further word seems to the writer necessary in regard to
the interrelation.

DRESDEN, July 15, 1899.

CONTENTS.

PAGE
BELIEFS AS TO THE WORLD FOUR HUNDRED YEARS AGO . . 9
MARCO POLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
COLUMBUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
VASCO DA GAMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT'S VOYAGES . . . . . . . . 44
AMERIGO VESPUCCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
PONCE DE LEON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
BALBOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
MAGELLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
HERNANDO CORTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
FRANCISCO PIZARRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
FERDINAND DE SOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
THE GREAT RIVER AMAZON, AND EL DORADO . . . . . . 92
VERRAZZANO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
THE FAMOUS VOYAGE OF SIR FRANCIS DR