ough Arabia, Vol. II, pp. 50-51. Edinburgh,
1792.

[1393] B.H. Baden-Powell, The Indian Village Community, pp. 40, 47, 110,
121, 151-154, 159. London, 1896.

[1394] Captain J. Forsythe, The Highlands of Central India, pp. 10-15,
23-24, 123-125. London, 1889.

[1395] _Ibid._, 6, 7, 10-12, 141-147.

[1396] Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, pp. 262-268. New York, 1906.

[1397] Sir Thomas Holdich, India, pp. 98-99. London, 1905.

[1398] Merzbacher, _Aus den Hochregionen des Kaukasus_, Vol. I, pp.
55-56, 156. Leipzig, 1901.

[1399] W.Z. Ripley, The Races of Europe, pp. 281-283, 289-290, map p.
285. New York, 1899.

[1400] _Ibid._, 282.

[1401] Article Tyrol, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

[1402] Archibald Little, The Far East, 131-132. Oxford, 1905. Isabella
Bird Bishop, The Yangtze Valley and Beyond, Vol. II, 132-133, 146-147,
166, 174, 207-210. New York and London, 1900. S. Wells Williams, The
Middle Kingdom, Vol. I, p. 43, New York, 1904. J. Naken, _Die Provinz
Kwangtung und ihre Bevoelkerung, Petermanns Geographische Mittheilungen_,
Vol. 24, p. 421. 1878.

[1403] Archibald Little, The Far East, pp. 307-308. Oxford, 1905.

[1404] E.C. Semple, The Anglo-Saxons of the Kentucky Mountains,
_Geographical Journal_, Vol. XVII, pp. 588-623. London, 1901.

[1405] Sir Thomas Holdich, The Origin of the Kafir of the Hindu Kush,
_Geographical Journal_, Vol. VII, p. 42. London, 1896.

[1406] George Adam Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp.
259-261. New York, 1897.

[1407] Isabella Bird Bishop, Korea and Her Neighbors, pp. 21, 134-135,
140, 142. New York, 1897.

[1408] Article Waldenses, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

CHAPTER XVII

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE

[Sidenote: Importance of climatic influences.]

Climate enters fundamentally into all consideration of geographic
influences, either by implication or explicitly. It is a factor in most
physiological and psychological effects of environment. It underlies the
whole significance of zonal location, continental and insular. Large
territorial areas are favorable to improved variation in men and animals
partly because they comprise a diversity of natural conditions, of which
a wide range of climates forms one. This is also one advantage of a
varied relief, especially in the Tropics, where all the zones may be
compressed into a small area on the slopes of high mountains like the
Andes and Kilimanjaro. Climate fixes the boundaries of human habitation
in Arc