n
the facts of the lesson; questioning that will test the student's
memory, ability to analyze, and powers of expression. Certain principles
are fundamental to good questioning in any recitation.

1. The questions should be brief.

2. They should be prepared by the teacher before coming to
recitation. This will insure rapidity. A vast deal of time is
lost by the unfortunate habit possessed by many teachers of
never having the next question ready to use.

3. They should precede the name of the pupil required to answer it.

4. They should not be leading questions to which the pupil can
guess the answers.

5. They should be grammatically stated with but one possible
interpretation.

6. Except for purposes of rapid review they should not be
answerable with yes or no.

7. They should be asked in a voice loud enough to be heard by all
the class, and only once.

8. They should be asked in no regular order, but nevertheless in
such a way that every member of the class will have a chance to
recite.

_Some additional suggestions for teachers of history_

There are additional suggestions particularly applicable to the teacher
of history.

1. In all the questioning remember the purposes of the recitation.
Ask questions knowing exactly what you wish as an answer. There
is no time for aimless or idle questioning.

2. Inquire frequently as to the books used in preparation of the
lesson. Let no allusion or statement in the text go unexplained.
Let none of the author's conclusions or opinions go
unchallenged. Ask the student for inconsistencies, inaccuracies,
or contradictions in the text. Put a premium on their discovery.
Insist on the student's authority for statements other than
those given in the text.

3. Do not use the heavy-typed words frequently found at the head of
the paragraph or the topical heads furnished by the text, if it
can be avoided. The pupil should not be allowed to remember his
history by its location in the text.

4. Be sure that the class have an opportunity to recite on the
questions assigned for their advance preparation. Nothing is
more discouraging to a student than carefully to prepare the
work required and then fail of an opportunity either to re