millions and a-half disappeared in the
Famine. They disappeared by death and emigration. The emigration during
the ten years from 1842 to 1851, both inclusive, was 1,436,862.
Subtracting this from the amount of decrease in the population, namely,
2,476,414, the remainder will be 1,039,552; which number of persons must
have died of starvation and its concomitant epidemics; but even this
number, great as it is, must be supplemented by the deaths which
occurred among Famine emigrants, in excess of the percentage of deaths
among ordinary emigrants.

During the Famine-emigration period this excess became most remarkable
and alarming. The deaths on the voyage to Canada rose from five in the
thousand (the ordinary rate) to about sixty in the thousand; and the
deaths whilst the ships were in quarantine rose from one to forty in the
thousand. So that instead of six emigrants in the thousand dying on the
voyage and during quarantine, one hundred died. Subtracting six from one
hundred, we have ninety-four emigrants in the thousand dying of the
Famine as certainly as if they had died at home. Furthermore, great
numbers of those who were able to reach the interior died off almost
immediately. Sir Charles Trevelyan, the Government official, from whose
_Irish Crisis_ I take the above figures, adds these remarkable words:
"besides _still larger_ numbers who died at Quebec, Montreal, and
elsewhere in the interior."[291]

89,738 emigrants embarked for Canada in 1847. One in every three of
those who arrived were received into hospital, and the deaths on the
passage or soon after arriving were 15,330, or rather more than
_seventeen_ per cent. As the deaths amongst emigrants, in ordinary
times, were about 3/4 per cent., at least sixteen per cent. of those
deaths may be set down as being occasioned by the Famine. But seventeen
per cent., high as it seems, does not fully represent the mortality
amongst the Famine emigrants. Speaking of those who went to Canada in
1847, Dr. Stratten says: "Up to the 1st of November, one emigrant in
every seven had died; and during November and December there have been
many deaths in the different emigrant hospitals; so that it is
understating the mortality to say that one person in every five was dead
by the end of the year."[292]

This would give us twenty per cent. of deaths up to the end of 1847; but
the mortality consequent upon the Famine-emigration did not stop short
at the end of December; it must h