Skeleton--Making a
Magnified Copy of a Signature--Effectiveness of the Photograph
Process--Deception the Eye Will Not Detect--When Pen Strokes
Cross Each Other--Experimenting With Crossed Lines--Signatures
Written With Different Inks--Deciding Order of Sequence in
Writing--An Important and Interesting Subject for Bankers--Determining
the Genuineness of a Written Document--Ingenuity of Rogues Constantly
Takes New Forms--A Systematic Analysis Will Detect Disputed Signatures

CHAPTER II

FORGERY BY TRACING

Forgeries Perpetrated by the Aid of Tracing a Common and Dangerous
Method--Using Transparent Tracing Paper--How the Movements are
Directed--Formal, Broken and Nervous Lines--Retouched Lines
and Shades--Tracing Usually Presents a Close Resemblance to the
Genuine--Traced Forgeries Not Exact Duplicates of Their Originals--The
Danger of an Exact Duplication--Forgers Usually Unable to Exactly
Reproduce Tracing--Using Pencil or Carbon-Guided Lines--Retouching
Revealed under the Microscope--Tracing with Pen and Ink Over a
Transparency--Making a Practice and Study of Signatures--Forgeries
and Tracings Made by Skillful Imitators Most Difficult of
Detection--Free-Hand Forgery and Tracing--A Few Important Matters to
Observe in Detecting Forgery by Tracing--Photographs a Great Aid in
Detecting Tracing--How to Compare Imitated and Traced
Writing--Furrows Traced by Pen Nibs--Tracing Made by an Untrained
Hand--Tracing with Pen and Ink Over a Transparency--Internal
Evidence of Forgery by Tracing--Forgeries Made by Skillful
Imitators--How to Determine Evidences of Forgery by Tracing--Remains
of Tracings--Examining Paper in Transmitted Light--Freely Written
Tracings--A Dangerous Method of Forgery

CHAPTER III

HOW FORGERS REPRODUCE SIGNATURES

Characteristics Appearing in Forged Signatures--Conclusions Reached
by Careful Examinations--Signatures Written with Little Effort to
Imitate--What a Clever Forger Can Do--Most Common Forgeries of
Signatures--Reproducing a Signature over a Plate of Glass--A Window
Frame Scheme for Reproducing Signatures--How the Paper is Held
and the Ink Applied--How a Genuine Signature is Placed and Used--A
Forger's Process of Tracing a Signature--How to Detect Earmarks
of Fraud in a Reproduced Signature--Prominent Features of Signatures
Reproduced--Method Resorted to by Novices in Forging
Signatures--Conditions Appearing in All Traced Signatures--Reproduction
of Signatures Adopted by Expert Forgers-