, _Die Homosexualitaet_, ch.
xxii, and defended by Sadger, _Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Aerztliche
Psychoanalyse_, July, 1914, p. 392. For a discussion of the psychoanalytic
treatment of homosexuality by a leading American Freudian, see Brill,
_Journal American Medical Association_, Aug. 2, 1913.

[254] _Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Aerztliche Psychoanalyse_, March,
1914.

[255] This is now generally recognized. See, e.g., Roubinovitch and Borel,
"Un Cas d'Uranisme," _L'Encephale_, Aug., 1913. These authors conclude
that it is today impossible to look upon inversion as the equivalent or
the symptom of a psychopathic state, though we have to recognize that it
frequently coexists with morbid emotional states. Naecke, also, in his
extensive experience, found that homosexuality is rare in asylums and
slight in character; he dealt with this question on various occasions;
see, e.g., _Jahrbuch fuer sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, vol. viii, 1906.

[256] Krafft-Ebing considered that the temporary or lasting association of
homosexuality with neurasthenia having its root in congenital conditions
is "almost invariable," and some authorities (like Meynert) have regarded
inversion as an accidental growth on the foundation of neurasthenia.

[257] Fere expressed himself concerning the general treatment of
homosexuality in the same sense, and even more emphatically (Fere,
_L'Instinct Sexuel_, 1899, pp. 272, 286). He considers that all forms of
congenital inversion resist treatment, and that, since a change in the
invert's instincts must be regarded rather as a perversion of the invert
than a cure of the inversion, one may be permitted to doubt not only the
utility of the treatment, but even the legitimacy of attempting it. The
treatment of sexual inversion, he declared, is as much outside the
province of medicine as the restoration of color-vision in the
color-blind. The ideal which the physician and the teacher must place
before the invert is that of chastity; he must seek to harness his wagon
to a star.

[258] I have been told by a distinguished physician, who was consulted in
the case, of a congenital invert highly placed in the English government
service, who married in the hope of escaping his perversion, and was not
even able to consummate the marriage. It is needless to insist on the
misery which is created in such cases. It is not, of course, denied that
such marriages may not sometimes become eventually happy. Thus Kierna