ol, which was sometimes four or five
hours.

The ability to add figures was tested, and this decreased very rapidly
under minute doses of alcohol. Memory tests showed that only 60 figures
could be remembered from numbers written in columns after alcohol had
been taken, while 100 figures could be remembered correctly when the
mind was free from the alcoholic influence. Type-setters were tested,
and the average number of errors they made and the amount of work they
did in a given time was carefully recorded. After a small dose of
alcohol none of the men could in the same time do as much work, or as
accurate work. Yet every one of the men experimented upon thought he was
doing better work after his drink. This proves the narcotic effect of
alcohol.

The economic loss to a people from beer and wine drinking is worthy of
serious consideration since a bottle of wine or its equivalent in beer
could diminish by ten to fifteen per cent. the amount of work done by
these type-setters experimented upon by Professor Aschaffenberg.

Professor Kraepelin says:--

"I must admit that my experiments, extending over more than ten
years, have made me an opponent of alcohol."

He says again:--

"The laborer who wins his livelihood by the working power of his
arm strikes at the very foundation of his power by the use of
alcohol."

Professor Aschaffenberg says of moderate doses:--

"Any quantity of alcohol must be regarded as considerable which
causes a disturbance, even if only transitory, of bodily and
mental efficiency."

Dr. Reid Hunt, chief of the Division of Pharmacology, Hygienic
Laboratory, United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service,
made some very interesting experiments to determine the physiological
changes upon animals which would result from the strictly moderate use
of alcohol. These are described in Bulletin No. 33 of the Hygienic
Laboratory, published in 1907. Mice and guinea-pigs were used. The food,
usually oats, was soaked in diluted alcohol, at first of five per cent.
strength, then gradually increased to forty or fifty per cent. By
carefully observing the weight of the mice, and not increasing the
strength of the alcohol too rapidly, it was possible to keep the animals
for months on this diet without any material loss of weight. After the
lapse of weeks, in some cases, and months in other cases, these alcohol
fed animals were given small doses of a poison known as ac