ntally alter them that
they lose the immunity they have already acquired. When we come
to the consideration of the case of tetanus, however, we are
carried a step further. Dr. Delearde repeating his immunizing
and alcoholizing experiments, but now working with tetanus virus
in place of rabic virus, found--and, perhaps, here it may be as
well to give his own words:--

(1) "'That animals vaccinated against tetanus and afterwards
alcoholized lose their immunity against tetanus;

(2) "'That animals vaccinated against tetanus and at the same
time alcoholized do not readily acquire immunity;

(3) "'That animals first alcoholized and then vaccinated may
acquire immunity against tetanus if alcohol is suppressed from
the commencement of the process of vaccination.'

"In the case of anthrax too, as we gather from another series of
experiments, it is almost impossible to confer immunity, if the
animal is alcoholized during the time that it is being
vaccinated, and although the animals, first alcoholized and then
vaccinated, may acquire a certain amount of immunity, they
rapidly lose condition and are certainly more ill than
non-alcoholized animals vaccinated simultaneously.

"We have already mentioned that Massart and Bordet some years
ago pointed out that alcohol, even in very dilute solutions,
exerts a very active negative chemiotaxis, i. e., it appears to
have properties by which leucocytes are repelled or driven away
from its neighborhood and actions. Alcohol thus prevents the
cells from attacking invading bodies or of reacting in the
presence of the toxins which also, as is well known, exert a
more or less marked negative chemiotaxis, i.e., the cells appear
to be paralyzed. In all diseases, then, in which the leucocytes
help to remove an invading organism or in which they have the
power of reacting or of carrying on their functions in the
presence of a toxin, we should expect that alcohol would to a
certain extent deprive them of this power or interfere with
their capacity for acquiring a greater resisting power or of
reinforcing the powers of resistance. It appears indeed to
reinforce the poison formed by pathogenic organisms. Dr.
Delearde maintains moreover that chronic alcoholism increases
enormously the difficulty of rendering an animal immune to
anthrax, whilst