at leaders regarded the other with feelings
of mortal enmity.

[Illustration: The Temple Garden.]

This state of things kept both the king and queen in continual
anxiety. The queen began to find that, by her manoeuvrings and
management, she had involved herself in difficulties that were
beyond her control, and the poor king was so harassed by his troubles
and perplexities that his health, and, at last, his mind, began to
suffer severely.

[Sidenote: The Duke of York comes to England.]

At length the Duke of York, without permission from the government,
crossed the Channel from Ireland and landed in England. He soon
collected a large armed force, and began to move across the country
toward London. The government were much alarmed. He professed not to
have any hostile object in view, and declared that he still
acknowledged his allegiance to the Lancaster line; but there were no
means of being sure that this was not a mere pretext, and that he
might not, at any time, throw off his mask and rise in open rebellion.

[Sidenote: The roses.]

[Sidenote: Origin of these symbols.]

It was about this time that the famous symbols of the red and the
white rose were chosen as the badges of the houses respectively of
York and Lancaster, as has already been mentioned. The story goes that
at a certain time, while several nobles and persons of the court were
walking in what is called the Temple Garden, a piece of open and
ornamental ground on the bank of the river in London, Somerset and
Warwick, who were on different sides in this quarrel, gathered, the
one a white, and the other a red rose, and proposed to the rest of
the company to pluck roses too, each according to his own feelings and
opinions. From this beginning the two colors became the permanent
badge of the two lines, so much so that artificial roses of red and
white were manufactured in great numbers at last, to supply the
soldiers of the respective armies.

[Sidenote: An expedition.]

[Sidenote: Anxiety of the king.]

But to return to the Duke of York. When it was found that he was
advancing toward London, Somerset urged the king to put himself at the
head of a body of troops and go out to meet him, and call him to
account for his proceedings. The king did so, the queen accompanying
the expedition. She was very anxious, and felt much alarmed for the
safety of the king. After various marchings and manoeuvrings, the two
armies came near each other in the county of