London in 1759, and had been a member of
the National Assembly of France. He quarrelled with Robespierre, and
challenged him to a duel. Robespierre swore revenge, and Cooper, knowing
that flight alone could save him from the Jacobin Club, returned to
England. He was censured by Burke, and replied in a bitter and abusive
pamphlet. He followed his intimate friend, Mr. Priestley, to America and
lived with him at Northumberland, where Coleridge and Southey dreamed of
establishing an Eden of Pantisocracy. When Cooper came to Philadelphia,
Washington and Jefferson and Jay and Madison were there. Cooper lent his
pen to Jefferson and the Democrats, and was paid by them. He was
appointed to a judgeship, but soon removed. He was elected professor of
chemistry and moral philosophy in Dickinson College, and from there he
went to the chair of chemistry in Columbia College, South Carolina. He
left Philadelphia in 1819, and died in the South in 1840.

JUDGE WORKMAN was a second assistant writer. The most extensive
contributions that Dr. Caldwell made to the magazine were his reviews of
"An Essay on the Causes of the Variety of Complexion and Figure of the
Human Species," by Samuel Stanhope Smith, President of Princeton
College. The reviews covered ninety pages and dealt with a philosophical
and experimental examination of the strange case of Henry Moss, a
Maryland negro, whose name, as Dr. Caldwell says, is as well known to
the readers of periodicals as was that of John Adams or Thomas Jefferson
or James Madison. Moss was a full-blooded African, whose skin, save in a
few spots, turned white. Caldwell's critiques appeared in the _Port
Folio_, 1814, pp. 8 and 457, and also in the _American Review_, II, 128,
166.

Dr. Caldwell at this time edited _Delaplaine's Repository_, and Smith
had his revenge in a telling criticism of that work in the _Analectic
Magazine_, to which Caldwell replied in 1816. To finish the story, there
is to be found in the _Port Folio_ of 1820, page 153, an article on S. S.
Smith, with portrait, which is as ample in praise of the essay as
Caldwell was liberal in detraction. Caldwell resigned his editorship in
1816. In the next month Oliver Oldschool the Fourth made his appearance
in the person of John Elihu Hall.

The magazine was still well manned and well maintained. Philadelphia
still kept her leadership in culture and literary production. In 1814
only twenty new books were annually put forth in America, and y