, when they show fear in this
manner, to be on the alert till the cause is ascertained.

Mules are very keenly sensitive to danger, and, in passing along over
the prairies, they will often detect the proximity of strangers long
before they are discovered by their riders. Nothing seems to escape
their observation; and I have heard of several instances where they
have given timely notice of the approach of hostile Indians, and thus
prevented stampedes.

Dogs are sometimes good sentinels, but they often sleep sound, and are
not easily awakened on the approach of an enemy.

In marching with large force, unless there is a guide who knows the
country, a small party should always be sent in advance to search for
good camping-places, and these parties should be dispatched early
enough to return and meet the main command in the event of not finding
a camping-place within the limits of the day's march. A regiment should
average upon the prairies, where the roads are good, about eighteen
miles a day, but, if necessary, it can make 25 or even 30 miles. The
advance party should therefore go as far as the command can march,
provided the requisites for camping are not found within that distance.
The article of first importance in campaigning is grass, the next
water, and the last fuel.

It is the practice of most persons traveling with large ox trains to
select their camps upon the summit of a hill, where the surrounding
country in all directions can be seen. Their cattle are then
continually within view from the camp, and can be guarded easily.

When a halt is made the wagons are "corraled," as it is called, by
bringing the two front ones near and parallel to each other. The two
next are then driven up on the outside of these, with the front wheels
of the former touching the rear wheels of the latter, the rear of the
wagons turned out upon the circumference of the circle that is being
formed, and so on until one half the circle is made, when the rear of
the wagons are turned in to complete the circle. An opening of about
twenty yards should be left between the last two wagons for animals to
pass in and out of the corral, and this may be closed with two ropes
stretched between the wagons. Such a corral forms an excellent and
secure barricade against Indian attacks, and a good inclosure for
cattle while they are being yoked; indeed, it is indispensable.

STAMPEDES.

Inclosures are made in the same manner for horses and mules,