reaties of 1795, not only was war
averted, but our slender hold upon the vast tract between the
Alleghanies and the Mississippi immeasurably strengthened, if not
secured for all time.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

The attitude of historical writers toward the events recorded in
this chapter has been considerably altered since the publication
of a series of articles by F. J. Turner. The more important of
these contributions are: "The Origin of Genet's Projected Attack
on Louisiana and the Floridas" (_American Historical Review_,
III); "The Policy of France toward the Mississippi Valley"
(_Ibid._, X); and "The Diplomatic Contest for the Mississippi
Valley" (_Atlantic Monthly_, XCIII). Nearly all the authorities
cited in the foregoing chapter deal in greater or less detail with
the diplomatic events of Washington's Administrations. The
following may be added to the list: Trescott, _Diplomatic History
of the Administrations of Washington and Adams_ (1857); F. A. Ogg,
_The Opening of the Mississippi_ (1904); C. D. Hazen,
_Contemporary American Opinion of the French Revolution_ (1897).
The story of the expeditions against the Indians of the Northwest
is told by Roosevelt, _Winning of the West_ (vol. IV). A reliable
account of the Whiskey Insurrection is given in Brackenridge,
_History of the Western Insurrection_ (1859).

CHAPTER V

ANGLOMEN AND JACOBINS

In January, 1795, Hamilton retired from the Treasury Department. The
moment was well chosen, for his great creative work was done and signs
were not wanting that the initiative in finance was about to pass to the
House of Representatives. As he passed out of office, a young
Representative from Pennsylvania made his appearance in Congress who was
scarcely his inferior in quick grasp of the intricacies of public
finance. Almost the first efforts of Albert Gallatin were directed to
the improvement of the methods of congressional finance. It was at his
suggestion that the first standing Committee of Ways and Means in the
House was appointed, in the expectation that it would assume a general
superintendence of finance. Believing that the Executive could be held
in check only by systematic, specific appropriations, Gallatin became an
insistent advocate of the rule, and in consequence a thorn in the flesh
of the departments. "The management of the Treasury," complained Wolcott
t