run nearly or entirely across the whole of
Germany. Starting from Cologne, we find one line running through
Elberfeld, Minden, Hanover, Brunswick, Berlin, to Bromberg and Posen;
another from Cologne--with a short break not yet completed in
Westphalia--to Cassel, Gotha, Weimar, Leipsic, Dresden, Breslau, and
Cracow; a third from Hamburg, through Magdeburg, Leipsic, Dresden,
Prague, Presburg, and Pesth, into the heart of Hungary; a fourth from
the Baltic at Stettin, through Berlin, Leipsic, Nuernberg, Augsburg, to
the vicinity of the Lake of Constance; and a fifth from Warsaw,
through Vienna, to the vicinity of the Adriatic. Dr Lardner has
estimated, that if we include the Netherlands and the Austrian and
Prussian dominions within the German group, the German railways at the
beginning of 1851 were about 5100 miles in length, with 3000 miles
more either in progress or decided on--making a total of between 8000
and 9000 miles. Many hundred miles of railway have been opened since
the date to which this estimate refers.

Our Bradshaw leaves us little to notice on the continent beyond the
groups of railways included under the above four systems. The Dutch
have given a curious serpentine line of railway, about 150 miles in
length, from Rotterdam through Schiedam, Delft, The Hague, Leyden,
Haarlem, Amsterdam, and Utrecht, to Arnhem--an economical mode of
linking most of the chief towns together. Holstein, the recent field
of struggle between the Danes and the Germans, has its humble quota of
about 100 miles of railway, from Altona to Glueckstadt, Rendsburg, and
Kiel, connecting the German Ocean with the Baltic in a very convenient
way. Russia has a railway in its Polish dominions from Warsaw to
Cracow; a short bit from St Petersburg to Tsarkoe-soelo; portions of
the projected great lines from St Petersburg to Moscow and to Warsaw,
and a horse railway connecting the Don with the Volga. Italy has a few
bits of railway--perhaps quite as much as we could yet expect in so
strangely governed a country; one from Venice through Padua, Vicenza,
and Verona, to Mantua; another from Treviglio to Milan, Monza, and
Como; a Piedmontese line from Genoa to Alessandria and Turin; a Tuscan
web which connects Florence, Sienna, Pistoja, Lucca, Pisa, and
Leghorn, in a roundabout way; and a few miles of Neapolitan railway,
to connect Naples with Pompeii, Portici, Castel-a-mare, and Capua.
Rome, behindhand in most things, is behindhand in railways.
S