) above, is |
| represented as [^l]. |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+

_Explanations_

The abbreviations _Germ._ (= German), _Hebr._ (= Hebrew), _Russ._
(= Russian), and _Yid._ (= Yiddish) indicate the origin of a word.
Most of the names marked _Yiddish_ are such in form only, the roots
being for the most part Hebrew.

Prop. n = proper name.

The endings _ke_ and _le_ of Yiddish proper names (Mashke, Perele)
have a diminutive or endearing value, like the German _chen_
(Helenchen).

Double names are given under the first name.

The religious customs described prevail among the Orthodox Jews of
European countries. In the United States they have been considerably
modified, especially among the Reformed Jews.

=Ab= (aeb) _Hebr._ The fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The
ninth of Ab is a day of fasting and mourning, in commemoration
of the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple.

=Adonai= (ae-do-nai'), _Hebr._ An appellation of God.

=Aleph= (ae'-lef), _Hebr._ The first letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

=Atonement, Day of= (Hebrew, _Yom Kippur_). The most solemn of the
Hebrew festivals, observed by fasting and an elaborate
ceremonial.

=Bahur= (bae'-hur), _Hebr._ A young unmarried man, particularly a
student of the Talmud. (See _Yeshibah bahur_.)

=Berl= (berl). _Yid._ Prop. n.

=Cabala= (kaeb-ae'-lae), _Hebr._ A system of Hebrew mystic philosophy
which flourished in the Middle Ages.

=Candle Prayer= (Yiddish, _licht bentschen_). Prayer pronounced
over lighted candles by the women and older girls of the
household at the commencement of the Sabbath.

=Canopy, wedding= (Hebrew _huppah_). A portable canopy under which
the marriage ceremony is performed, usually outdoors.

=Cossaks= (kos'-aks), _Russ._ A name given to certain Russian
tribes, formerly distinguished for their freebooting habits, now
best known for their position in the army.

=Dayyan= (dai'-an), _Hebr._ A judge to whom are submitted civil
disputes, as distinguished from purely religious questions,
which are decided by the Rav.

=Dinke= (din'-ke), _Yid._ Prop. n.

=Dvina= (dv[=e]'-nae), _Russ._ Name of a river.

=Dvornik= (dvor'-nik), _Russ._ An outdoor man; a choreman.

=Dvoshe= (dvo'-she), _Yid._ Prop. n.

=Earlocks= (Hebrew _peath_). Two locks of hair allowed to grow