rs, 406.

Instincts, always of primary use to species presenting them, 286-293.

Intercrossing, in relation to natural selection, 374-376.

Inutility of specific characters, in relation to natural selection,
374-376.

Islands, oceanic, 224-237;
British, 238-241.

J.

Japan, hairless dog of, 101.

Jelly-fish, 119, 120.

K.

_Kallima_, 323.

Karyokinesis, 112-114, 128-134.

Kepler, 272.

Kerguelen Island, flightless insects of, 70.

Kropotkin, Prince, on co-operative instincts, 269.

L.

_Lagopus mutus_, 317, 318.

Lamarck, his method in natural history, 4;
his theory of evolution, 253-256.

Lamprey, 148.

Languages, classification of, resembles that of organic forms, 32.

Lankester, E. Ray, on karyokinesis, 129, 130.

Leaf insect, 322.

Le Conte, on geological succession of animal classes, 164, 165;
on types of tails, 169-173;
on fossil shells of _Planorbis_, 201;
his work on the relation of the theory of evolution to religious
thought, 412.

_Leptalis_, 328.

_Leuculmis echinus_, 122.

Leviticus, classification of organic nature in, 23.

Life, origin of, 15.

Linnaeus, on method in natural history, 3;
on classification, 26, 35-40.

Lion, skeleton of, 175;
feet of, 178.

Lizard, heart and gill-arches of, 150.

Lloyd Morgan, 273, 449, 450.

Lungs, development of, 154, 354.

Lyell, Sir Charles, on classification, 32;
on uniformitarianism, 258;
on rational species, 344;
on geological record, 420, 435, 439.

M.

Madeira, wingless beetles of, 68-70;
peculiar beetles of, 226, 227.

Mammals, ovum of, 120-124;
embryology of, 151-155;
palaeontology of, 163, 165, 167, 180-199;
limbs of, 174-178, 182-199;
brain of, 194-199;
of Australia and New Zealand, 204, 205;
distribution of, on islands, 224-240.

Mammoth cave, fauna of, 70-72.

Man, nictitating membrane of, 75;
vestigial muscles of, 76, 77, 82, 83;
tail of, compared with that of apes, 82-84;
hair of, compared with that of apes, 89-92;
teeth of, compared with those of apes, 92-94;
perforation of humerus of, 94, 95;
flattening of ancient tibiae of, 95, 96;
embryology of, 119, 153;
hand of, 54;
arm of, 90, 91;
limb-bones of, 176, 177;
palaeontology of, 163, 165;
brain of, 194, 195;
Mr. Syme on, 346, 347.

Marsh, on palaeontology of the horse, 188-190.

Matthew, Patrick, on natural selection, 257.

Mesoderm, 142.

_Mesohippus_, 18