upon the bearer of the challenge. There was no quarrel
whatever between Cilley and Graves. Nevertheless, Graves took the
ground that the refusal to accept the challenge which he had brought
was a reflection upon him. He thereupon challenged Cilley on his own
behalf. Efforts were made to compose the quarrel but Cilley was not
willing to go further than he had already done. He positively refused
to discuss the editor in question. He would only repeat that he
intended no reflection upon Mr. Graves, whom he respected and esteemed,
by refusing the editor's challenge. This was not satisfactory to
Graves, and the duel was, accordingly, arranged.

During its course, after each fruitless exchange of shots, efforts were
made to end the affair, but Graves refused to accept Cilley's
statement, again repeated, that he had no reflection to cast upon Mr.
Graves, and Cilley refused to abandon the position he had taken with
regard to the editor. Never did a more foolish punctilio bring about
so terrible a result. Aside from {256} accepting the challenge, Cilley
had pursued a dignified and proper course. Graves, to put it mildly,
had played the fool. He was practically a disgraced man thereafter.
The Congressional committee which investigated the matter censured him
in the severest terms, and recommended his expulsion from Congress.
Perhaps the public indignation excited by this wretched affair did more
to discredit duelling than any previous event.

VI. The Last Notable Duel in America

The last notable American duel was that between United States Senator
Broderick, of California, and ex-Chief Justice Terry, of the Supreme
Court of the same state, on September 13, 1859. This, too, arose from
political differences. Broderick and Terry belonged to different
factions of the growing Republican party, each struggling for control
in California. Broderick was strongly anti-slavery, and his opponents
wanted him removed. Terry was defeated in his campaign for reflection
largely, as he supposed, through Broderick's efforts. The two men had
been good friends previously. Broderick had stood by Terry on one
occasion when everybody else had been against him and his situation had
been critical. In his anger over his defeat, Terry accused Broderick
of disgraceful and underhand practices. Broderick was provoked into
the following rejoinder:

"I see that Terry has been abusing me. I now take back the remark I
once made that he