d. There is also
a screw of iron coiled round the lower part of the shaft, to show the
properties of the screw as a mechanic power. The rope which goes round
the _drum_ passes over one of the pulleys near to the top of the
frame, and under another pulley near the bottom of the frame. As two
_drums_ of different sizes are employed, it is necessary to have an
upright roller to conduct the rope in a proper direction to the
pulleys, when either of the _drums_ is used. Near the frame, and in
the direction in which the rope runs, is laid a platform or road of
deal boards, one board in breadth, and twenty or thirty feet long,
upon which a small sledge loaded with different weights may be drawn.
Plate 2. Fig. 1.

F. F. The frame.

b. b. Braces to keep the frame steady.

a. a. a. Angular braces to strengthen the transom; and also a
_king-post_.

S. A round, taper shaft, strengthened above and below the mortises
with iron hoops.

L L. Two arms, or levers, by which the shaft, &c. are to be moved
round.

D D. The drum, which has two rims of different circumferences.

R. The roller to conduct the rope.

P. The pulley, round which the rope passes to the larger drum.

P 2. Another pulley to answer to the smaller drum.

P 3. A pulley through which the rope passes when experiments are tried
with levers, &c.

P 4. Another pulley through which the rope passes when the sledge is
used.

Ro. The road of deal boards for the sledge to move on.

Sl. The sledge, with pieces of hard wood attached to it, to guide it
on the road.

_Uses of the Panorganon._

As this machine is to be moved by the force of men or children, and as
their force varies not only with the strength and weight of each
individual, but also according to the different manner in which that
strength or weight is applied; it is, in the first place, requisite to
establish one determinate mode of applying human force to the machine;
and also a method of determining the relative force of each individual
whose strength is applied to it.

_To estimate the force with which a person can draw horizontally by a
rope over his shoulder._

EXPERIMENT I.

Hang a common long scale-beam (without scales or chains) from the top
or _transom_ of the frame, so as that one end of it may come within an
inch of one side or post of the machine. Tie a rope to the hook of the
scale-beam, where the chains of the scale are usually hung, and pass
it through the pulley P 3, which