in France._

_Monographie de la Cathedrale d'Albi._

MONTALEMBERT. _Les Moines d'Occident._

MILMAN. _History of Latin Christianity._

PALUSTRE. _L'Architecture de la Renaissance._

PASTOR. _Lives of the Popes._

PENNELL. _Play in Provence._

QUICHERAT. _Melanges d'Archeologie au Moyen Age._

RENAN. _Etudes sur la Politique religieuse du Regne de Philippe le Bel._

REVOIL. _Architecture romane du Midi de la France._

ROSIERES. _Histoire de l'Architecture._

SCHNASSE. _Geschichte der bildenden Kuenste._ (_Volume III, etc._)

SENTETZ. _Sainte-Marie d'Auch._

SORBETS. _Histoire d'Aire-sur-l'Adour._

SOULIE. _Interesting old novels whose scenes are laid in the South of
France_:--

" "_Le Comte de Toulouse._"

" "_Le Vicomte de Beziers._"

" "_Le Chateau des Pyrenees_," _etc._

STEVENSON. _Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes._

TAINE. _The Ancient Regime._

" _Journeys through France._

" _Origins of Contemporary France._

" _Tour through the Pyrenees._

_'Twixt France and Spain._

VIOLLET-LE-DUC. _Histoire d'une Cathedrale et d'un Hotel-de-Ville._

_Entretiens sur l'Architecture._

_Dictionnaire raisonne de l'Architecture francaise du XI^e au XVI^e
siecle._

The South of France.

I.

THE SOUTH OF FRANCE.

If it is only by an effort that we appreciate the valour of Columbus in
the XV century, his secret doubts, his temerity, how much fainter is our
conception of the heroism of the early Mediterranean navigators. Steam
has destroyed for us the awful majesty of distance, and we can never
realise the immensity of this "great Sea" to the ancients. To Virgil the
adventures of the "pious AEneas" were truly heroic. The western shores of
the Mediterranean were then the "end of the earth," and even during the
first centuries of our own era, he who ventured outside the Straits of
Gibraltar tempted either Providence or the Devil and was very properly
punished by falling over the edge of the earth into everlasting
destruction. "Why," asks a mediaeval text-book of science, "is the sun so
red in the evening?" And this convincing answer follows, "Because he
looks down upon Hell."

For centuries before the Christian era the South of France, with Spain,
lay in the unknown west end of the Sea. Along its eastern shores lay
civilisations hoary with age; Carthage, to the South, was moribund;
Greece was living on the prestig