supposed that the intellectual functions of the front lobe
were entirely refuted by discoveries which proved the front lobe the
source of muscular impulses. More thorough experimenting dissipated
this illusion. Ferrier reported that after a partial ablation of the
front lobes in intelligent monkeys, "instead of, as before, being
actively interested in their surroundings and curiously prying into
all that came within the field of their observation, they remained
apathetic or dull, or dozed off to sleep, responding only to the
sensations or impressions of the moment, or varying their listlessness
with restless and purposeless wanderings to and fro. They had lost to
all appearance the faculty of attentive and intelligent observation."
This is precisely what the true cerebral psychology indicates. The
imaginary muscular powers were not at all detected, for the section of
the front lobe had no influence on the muscular system.

The science of Gall was a science of facts relevant to great
principles. The science of his opponents was a science of irrelevant
facts, revealing no philosophy. Students of nature adhered to Gall;
students of books and adherents of authority neglected him. Of this
there is no better illustration than the great collection of De Ville
in London, of which the following account is given in the admirable
treatise on phrenology (of 637 pages) by Dr. James P. Browne of
Edinburgh.

"How wide and various are the channels through which the phrenologist
derives his facts. In society, whichever way he turns, they are
constantly being presented for his contemplation. Besides there is not
a city or town of any note that does not contain a collection of
authentic casts of well-known persons; and up to the year 1853, the
gallery of Mr. De Ville, in London, contained the largest and most
valuable phrenological collection in the world of casts and skulls of
men and women remarkable for the greatness of their talents, or the
peculiarities of their dispositions; including above three hundred
busts, both antique and modern, of the most renowned men the world has
ever seen. The whole number amounted at least to three thousand. About
two thousand skulls of animals of every denomination were also to be
found there. There could be seen the form of head which accompanied
the _poetical instincts_ and high moral aspirations of the poor
peasant boy, John Clare; and how strikingly dissimilar it was in its
most marked character