-tax, see Appendix.

[288] Loans made to Ireland for various purposes.

[289] Cavour, as Costi's letters show, took an eager interest in Mr.
Gladstone's budget speech.

[290] Greville, Third Series, i. p. 59.

[291] Northcote, _Twenty Years of Financial Policy_, p. 185.

[292] Mr. Gladstone received valuable aid from Bethell, the
solicitor-general. On leaving, office in 1855 he wrote to Bethell:
'After having had to try your patience more than once in circumstances
of real difficulty, I have found your kindness inexhaustible, and your
aid invaluable, so that I really can ill tell on which of the two I look
back with the greater pleasure. The memory of the Succession Duty bill
is to me something like what Inkermann may be to a private of the
Guards: you were the sergeant from whom I got my drill and whose hand
and voice carried me through.'

[293] The city articles of the time justify this statement.

[294] Gladstone Memo., 1897. See also Appendix.

[295] It may be said, however, that Peel was right about the yield of
the income-tax, and only overlooked the fact that it would not all be
collected, within the year.

CHAPTER III

THE CRIMEAN WAR

(_1853-1854_)

He [Burke] maintained that the attempt to bring the Turkish empire
into the consideration of the balance of power in Europe was
extremely new, and contrary to all former political systems. He
pointed out in strong terms the danger and impolity of our
espousing the Ottoman cause.--BURKE (1791).

After the session Mr. Gladstone had gone on a visit to Dunrobin, and
there he was laid up with illness for many days. It was the end of
September before he was able to travel south. At Dingwall they presented
him (Sept. 27) with the freedom of that ancient burgh. He spoke of
himself as having completed the twenty-first year of his political life,
and as being almost the youngest of those veteran statesmen who occupied
the chief places in the counsels of the Queen. At Inverness the same
evening, he told them that in commercial legislation he had reaped where
others had sown; that he had enjoyed the privilege of taking a humble
but laborious part in realising those principles of free trade which, in
the near future, would bring, in the train of increased intercourse and
augmented wealth, that closer social and moral union of the nations of
the earth