red Raphael a princely sum if he would come to
London and work for a single year. Raphael, however, could not be spared
from Italy to do work for "the barbarians," and so he sent his pupil,
Luca Penni. Bluff old Hans Holbein also abode in England and drew a
goodly pension from the State.

During the reign of Mary and her Spanish husband, Philip, several
pictures by Titian arrived in London, via Madrid. Then, too, there were
various copies of pictures by Paul Veronese, Murillo and Velasquez that
long passed for original, because the copyist had faithfully placed the
great artist's trademark in the proper place.

Queen Elizabeth held averages good by encouraging neither art nor
matrimony--whereas her father had set her the example of being a liberal
patron of both. If Elizabeth never discovered Shakespeare, how could she
be expected to know Raphael?

About Sixteen Hundred Twenty, the year the "Mayflower" sailed, Paul
Vensomer, Cornelis Jannsen and Daniel Mytens went over to England from
the Netherlands and quickly made fortunes by painting portraits for the
nobility. This was the first of that peculiar rage for having a hall
filled with ancestors. The artists just named painted pictures of people
long gone hence, simply from verbal descriptions, and warranted the
likeness to give satisfaction.

Oh, the Dutch are a thrifty folk!

James the First had no special eye for beauty--no more than Elizabeth
had--but a few of his nobles were intent on providing posterity with
handsome ancestors, and so the portrait-painter flourished.

An important move in the cause of literature was made by King James when
he placed Sir Walter Raleigh in the Tower; for Raleigh's best
contributions to letters were made during those thirteen years when he
was alone, with the world locked out. And when his mind began to lose its
flash, the King wisely put a quietus on all danger of an impaired output
by cutting off the author's head.

Still, there was no general public interest in art until the generous
Charles appeared upon the scene. Charles was an elegant scholar and
prided himself on being able to turn a sonnet or paint a picture; and the
only reason, he explained, why he did not devote all his time to
literature and art was because the State must be preserved. He could hire
men to paint, but where could one be found who could govern?

Charles had purchased several of Rubens' pieces, and these had attracted
much attention in London. Recep