, at first, in concert; then separately.

TABLE OF SUBVOCALS AND ASPIRATES. (14)

Subvocals. as in

b babe
d bad
g nag
j judge
v move
th with
z buzz
z azure (azh-)
w wine

Aspirates. as in

p rap
t at
k book
ch rich
f life
th smith
s hiss
sh rush
wh what

REMARK.--These eighteen sounds make nine pairs of cognates. In
articulating the aspirates, the vocal organs are put in the position
required in the articulation of the corresponding subvocals; but the
breath is expelled with some force, without the utterance of any vocal
sound. The pupil should first verify this by experiment, and then practice
on these cognates.

The following subvocals and aspirate have no cognates:

SUBVOCAL as in

l mill
ng sing
m rim
r rule
n run
y yet

ASPIRATE.

h, as in hat.

SUBSTITUTES. (14)

Substitutes are characters used to represent sounds ordinarily represented
by other characters.

TABLE OF SUBSTITUTES.
Sub for as in

a o what
y i hymn
e a there
c s cite
e a freight
c k cap
i e police
ch sh machine
i e sir
ch k chord
o u son
g j cage
o oo to
n ng rink
o oo would
s z rose
o a corn
s sh sugar
o u worm
x gz examine
u oo pull
gh f laugh
u oo rude
ph f sylph
y i my
qu k pique
qu kw quick

FAULTS TO BE REMEDIED. (15)

The most common faults of articulation are dropping an unaccented vowel,
sounding incorrectly an unaccented vowel, suppressing final consonants,
omitting or mispronouncing syllables, and blending words.

1. Dropping an unaccented vocal.

EXAMPLES.

CORRECT INCORRECT

gran'a-ry gran'ry
a-ban'don a-ban-d'n
im-mor'tal im-mor-t'l
reg'u-lar reg'lar
in-clem'ent in-clem'nt
par-tic'u-lar par-tic'lar
des'ti-ny des-t'ny
cal-cu-la'tian cal-cl'a-sh'n
un-cer'tain un-cer-t'n
oc-ca'sion oc-ca-sh'n
em'i-nent em'nent
ef'i-gy ef'gy
ag'o-ny ag'ny
man'i-fold man'fold
rev'er-ent rev'rent
cul'ti-vate cult'vate

2. Sounding incorrectly an unaccented vowel.

EXAMPLES.

CORRECT INCORRECT

lam-en-ta'-tion