hread round pencils or smooth knitting-pins
of various sizes, and working over the circle thus obtained a succession
of close button-hole stitches. These wheels are sewn on to the lace when
completed. The groundwork of Spanish lace is usually worked in what are
called Raleigh Bars (see page 477), but this lace has sometimes for
groundwork point de Venise. An easy mode of working this handsome lace
is to trace the design upon very fine good linen; raise the thick parts
as above directed, and embroider the whole in fine thick scalloped
button-hole stitch; fill the ground with Raleigh bars, or, as shown in
illustration No. 455, in treble point de Venise, and cut away the linen
from beneath the groundwork.

[Illustration: 455.--Spanish Point Lace (Worked a l'Anglaise).]

WHEELS AND ROSETTES.

Wheels or rosettes are used to fill up circles, or in combination to
form lace. The simplest is--

THE SORRENTO WHEEL.--Nos. 456 and 457.--This is worked by fastening the
thread in the pattern to be filled up by means of the letters. Fasten it
first at the place _a_, then at the place _b_, carrying it back to the
middle of the first formed bar by winding it round, fasten the cotton at
the place _c_, carrying it back again to the centre by winding it round
the bar, and so on; then work over and under the bars thus formed as in
English lace. See page 462, and illustrations Nos. 456 and 457.

[Illustration: 456 and 457.--Sorrento Wheels.]

No. 458.--ENGLISH WHEEL.--This is worked in the same manner as the
Sorrento wheel, but instead of _winding_ the thread over and under the
bars, the needle is inserted under each bar and brought out again
between the thread and the last stitch; this gives a kind of button-hole
stitch, and gives the square, firm appearance possessed by this wheel.

[Illustration: 458.--English Wheel.]

No. 459.--ROSETTE IN POINT D'ANGLETERRE.--This rosette is worked in a
somewhat similar manner to the wheel above described, the difference
being that after each stitch passed round and under the bars, the thread
is passed loosely round in the reverse direction, as shown in
illustration No. 459, before proceeding to make the next stitch.

[Illustration: 459.--Rosette in Raised Point d'Angleterre.]

No. 460 is a rosette or star which is used to fill circles of braid, and
forms the centre of many modern point lace patterns. It is worked upon
a pattern traced and pricked in small holes at equal distances.